Cardiovascular Conditions Flashcards
Acquired
Develop the condition, you are not born with it
Asymptomatic
Are said to be compensated - no clinical signs are present
Meaning of Decompensated
Clinical signs are present
When is congestive heart failure viewed
When they are decompensated
Left sided heart failure is
L = Lungs
Pulmonary oedema and congestion
Coughing, tachycardia, tachypnoea, exercise intolerance, fatigue, lethargy, weak pulse
Right sided
Blood back up into the vena cava,
ascites
Splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, ventral oedema,
Signs of congestive heart failure
tachycardia Weak pulses lethargy exercise intolerance cyanotic mucous membranes ascites hepatomegaly splenomegaly weight loss
Dogs Heart Rate
70-140bpm
Cats heart rate
100 - 200
Dogs TPR
38.3 - 39.2 70 - 140 beats per min 10 - 30 breaths per water intake 40 - 60ml/kg/day urine output - 1 - 2ml per kg/hr
Cat TPR and fluid
38.2 - 38.6 temp 100 - 200bpm 20-30 breaths per min water intake - 40 -60ml/kg/24 urine output - 1 -2ml/kg/hr
Pulmonary Artery - location and carrier of?
Leaves right ventricle into lungs, then re-enters the left atrium. It carries de-oxygenated blood
Left sided heart disease effects what
Backs up the pulmonary vein - pulmonary oedema and congestion
Signs of Left sided heart disease
Dyspnea, coughing, tachypnea,
others include, exercise intolerance, weak pulse, lethargy
Signs of right sided heart disease
Splenomegaly
Hepatomegaly
ventral oedema
Jugular pulse
Nursing Care of the patient
Calm, quiet environment, reduce stress O2 therapy Cage rest, restricted exercise Reduce obesity Diet control - high biological value protein, low sodium Sternal recumbency Medication prescribed by VS
Endocardial disease - definition
Endo (inside) cardio (heart) -
Endocarditis definition
Inflammation of the endocardium
endocarditis - causes and clinical signs
Heart worm - dilofilraria
coughing
Endocardiosis definition
Disease of the heart, chronic fibrosis of the heart valves most common (LEAKY VALVE SYNDRONE)
Endocardiosis - symptoms, breed disposition
Fibrosis of the valves. Progressive condition.
Most common in dogs (pikenese, king Charles spaniel)
Pyrexi
Lethargy
Anorexia
DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY - Definition
Hypotrophic - Muscle walls of the heart chamber become thinner and loose their contractability.
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Seen in large breed dogs - Dobermanns, Irish wolfhounds, Great Danes
Taurine in Cats
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy - definition
Thickening of the muscle wall, reducing the size of ventricular luman and cardiac output. Interferes with relaxation of the heart preventing normal filling. Leads to decreased cardiac output and heart failure.
Hypertrophic explained
More common in cats
Hyperthyroidism - T4 test
Viral infection
hypertension possible causes
Myocardial disease / 2 types =
Hypertrophic and dilated cardiomypathy
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy =
clinical signs, breed disposition + diagnosis
Thickening of the muscle wall, reducing the size of the ventricular lumen and reduced cardiac output. Interferes with relaxation of the heart preventing normal filling. Leads to reduced cardiac output.
VERY COMMON IN CATS - HYPERTHYROIDISM
VIRAL INFECTION AND HYPERTENSION ARE POSSIBLE CAUSES.
Echocardiogram, thoracic x-ray (DV + R lat), ECG, Blood pressure, Blood T4.
Treat with cardiac relaxants, calcium beta blockers to slow the heart. Blood clots with pain relief, antithrombotic and vasodilators.
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
causes, clinical signs, diagnostic + treatment
Dilation of heart chambers = become thinner + loose contractibility.
Seen more in large breed dogs e.g. Dobermanns, Irish wolfhounds, Great Danes. Decreases blood flow causing congestive heart failure.
TAURINE DEFICIENCY IN CATS
Apparent acute on set
Anorexia, weight loss, reduced exercise intolerance, lethargy.
Left sided heart failure
Ascites
Heart murmur
Arrhythmias
Sudden death.
Taurine deficiency in cats can cause what type of heart failure
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Vena Cava enters into which heart chamber
Right atrium
Blood leaves the heart how?
By the aorta from the Left ventricle
Where is the stethoscope positioned in order to auscultate the heart
Position it between the 3rd and 6th rib on the left side of the ventral chest
What sided heart disease can cause hepatomegaly and splenomegaly
Right sided heart failure
Type of drugs that may be used for Cardiac disease
Diuretics Glycosides Bronchodilators Vasodilators ACE inhibitors Beta-blockers
Diuretics =
Increase urination in an attempt to reduce retained fluids. e.g. Frusemide
Glycosides
Affect the hearts muscle, creating stronger contractions
e.g. Digoxin
Bronchodilators
To ease respiratory difficulty e.g. Corvental D
Vasodilators
Reduce blood pressure, multi action medication - vetmedin
ACE inhibitors
reduces fluid retention and blood pressure e.g. vasostop
Beta-Blockers
Slows the heart rate - Atenol
Grading 1 murmur
Incredibly soft + barely noticeable
Grading 2 heart murmur
Very soft but easily heard with stephoscope
Grade 3 heart murmur
Moderate heart murmur that is easily heard but lacks any vibration when hand is placed on the chest
Grade 4
Loud with vibration
Grade 5
Loud with louder vibration
Grade 6
Loud with severe vibration, no stethoscope needed
ECG Leads - (Traffic Lights)
Red - Right Fore
Yellow - Left fore
Green - Left hind
Black - Right hind
