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315 - Nursing Support for Small Animals > Cardiovascular Conditions > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Conditions Flashcards

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1
Q

Acquired

A

Develop the condition, you are not born with it

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2
Q

Asymptomatic

A

Are said to be compensated - no clinical signs are present

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3
Q

Meaning of Decompensated

A

Clinical signs are present

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4
Q

When is congestive heart failure viewed

A

When they are decompensated

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5
Q

Left sided heart failure is

A

L = Lungs
Pulmonary oedema and congestion
Coughing, tachycardia, tachypnoea, exercise intolerance, fatigue, lethargy, weak pulse

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6
Q

Right sided

A

Blood back up into the vena cava,
ascites
Splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, ventral oedema,

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7
Q

Signs of congestive heart failure

A 
tachycardia
Weak pulses
lethargy
exercise intolerance
cyanotic mucous membranes
ascites
hepatomegaly
splenomegaly
weight loss
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8
Q

Dogs Heart Rate

A

70-140bpm

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9
Q

Cats heart rate

A

100 - 200

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10
Q

Dogs TPR

A 
38.3 - 39.2
70 - 140 beats per min
10 - 30 breaths per 
water intake 40 - 60ml/kg/day
urine output - 1 - 2ml per kg/hr
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11
Q

Cat TPR and fluid

A 
38.2 - 38.6 temp
100 - 200bpm
20-30 breaths per min
water intake - 40 -60ml/kg/24
urine output - 1 -2ml/kg/hr
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12
Q

Pulmonary Artery - location and carrier of?

A

Leaves right ventricle into lungs, then re-enters the left atrium. It carries de-oxygenated blood

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13
Q

Left sided heart disease effects what

A

Backs up the pulmonary vein - pulmonary oedema and congestion

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14
Q

Signs of Left sided heart disease

A

Dyspnea, coughing, tachypnea,

others include, exercise intolerance, weak pulse, lethargy

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15
Q

Signs of right sided heart disease

A

Splenomegaly
Hepatomegaly
ventral oedema
Jugular pulse

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16
Q

Nursing Care of the patient

A 
Calm, quiet environment, reduce stress
O2 therapy
Cage rest, restricted exercise
Reduce obesity
Diet control - high biological value protein, low sodium
Sternal recumbency
Medication prescribed by VS
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17
Q

Endocardial disease - definition

A

Endo (inside) cardio (heart) -

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18
Q

Endocarditis definition

A

Inflammation of the endocardium

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19
Q

endocarditis - causes and clinical signs

A

Heart worm - dilofilraria

coughing

20
Q

Endocardiosis definition

A

Disease of the heart, chronic fibrosis of the heart valves most common (LEAKY VALVE SYNDRONE)

21
Q

Endocardiosis - symptoms, breed disposition

A

Fibrosis of the valves. Progressive condition.
Most common in dogs (pikenese, king Charles spaniel)
Pyrexi
Lethargy
Anorexia

22
Q

DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY - Definition

A

Hypotrophic - Muscle walls of the heart chamber become thinner and loose their contractability.

23
Q

Dilated Cardiomyopathy

A

Seen in large breed dogs - Dobermanns, Irish wolfhounds, Great Danes
Taurine in Cats

24
Q

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy - definition

A

Thickening of the muscle wall, reducing the size of ventricular luman and cardiac output. Interferes with relaxation of the heart preventing normal filling. Leads to decreased cardiac output and heart failure.

25
Q

Hypertrophic explained

A

More common in cats
Hyperthyroidism - T4 test
Viral infection
hypertension possible causes

26
Q

Myocardial disease / 2 types =

A

Hypertrophic and dilated cardiomypathy

27
Q

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy =

clinical signs, breed disposition + diagnosis

A

Thickening of the muscle wall, reducing the size of the ventricular lumen and reduced cardiac output. Interferes with relaxation of the heart preventing normal filling. Leads to reduced cardiac output.
VERY COMMON IN CATS - HYPERTHYROIDISM
VIRAL INFECTION AND HYPERTENSION ARE POSSIBLE CAUSES.
Echocardiogram, thoracic x-ray (DV + R lat), ECG, Blood pressure, Blood T4.
Treat with cardiac relaxants, calcium beta blockers to slow the heart. Blood clots with pain relief, antithrombotic and vasodilators.

28
Q

Dilated Cardiomyopathy

causes, clinical signs, diagnostic + treatment

A

Dilation of heart chambers = become thinner + loose contractibility.
Seen more in large breed dogs e.g. Dobermanns, Irish wolfhounds, Great Danes. Decreases blood flow causing congestive heart failure.
TAURINE DEFICIENCY IN CATS
Apparent acute on set
Anorexia, weight loss, reduced exercise intolerance, lethargy.
Left sided heart failure
Ascites
Heart murmur
Arrhythmias
Sudden death.

29
Q

Taurine deficiency in cats can cause what type of heart failure

A

Dilated cardiomyopathy

30
Q

Vena Cava enters into which heart chamber

A

Right atrium

31
Q

Blood leaves the heart how?

A

By the aorta from the Left ventricle

32
Q

Where is the stethoscope positioned in order to auscultate the heart

A

Position it between the 3rd and 6th rib on the left side of the ventral chest

33
Q

What sided heart disease can cause hepatomegaly and splenomegaly

A

Right sided heart failure

34
Q

Type of drugs that may be used for Cardiac disease

A 
Diuretics
Glycosides
Bronchodilators
Vasodilators
ACE inhibitors
Beta-blockers
35
Q

Diuretics =

A

Increase urination in an attempt to reduce retained fluids. e.g. Frusemide

36
Q

Glycosides

A

Affect the hearts muscle, creating stronger contractions

e.g. Digoxin

37
Q

Bronchodilators

A

To ease respiratory difficulty e.g. Corvental D

38
Q

Vasodilators

A

Reduce blood pressure, multi action medication - vetmedin

39
Q

ACE inhibitors

A

reduces fluid retention and blood pressure e.g. vasostop

40
Q

Beta-Blockers

A

Slows the heart rate - Atenol

41
Q

Grading 1 murmur

A

Incredibly soft + barely noticeable

42
Q

Grading 2 heart murmur

A

Very soft but easily heard with stephoscope

43
Q

Grade 3 heart murmur

A

Moderate heart murmur that is easily heard but lacks any vibration when hand is placed on the chest

44
Q

Grade 4

A

Loud with vibration

45
Q

Grade 5

A

Loud with louder vibration

46
Q

Grade 6

A

Loud with severe vibration, no stethoscope needed

47
Q

ECG Leads - (Traffic Lights)

A

Red - Right Fore
Yellow - Left fore
Green - Left hind
Black - Right hind

315 - Nursing Support for Small Animals (2 decks)

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