Cardiovascular conditions Flashcards
what are the 3 types of angina
- stable angina
- unstable angina
- prizmental
what is unstable angina part of
the ACS umbrella
what is angina?
when the demand of the heart is too much for the supply of oxygenated blood it is receiving
what is stable angina?
a mismatch of supply vs demand resulting in pain
what does stable angina typically occur due to?
atherosclerosis
what is atherosclerosis
narrowing of the coronary artery
when does stable angina occur?
during exertion
which type of angina occurs on exertion?
stable angina
what is stable angina relived by?
resting
GTN
what diseaseas are the first signs of stable angina?
ischemic heart disease
coronary artery disease
what can unstable angina be a warning sign of?
an MI
what is the main difference between stable and unstable angina?
stable comes on with exertion
unstable comes on at rest
which type of angina can indicate an MI
unstable angina
when does unstable angina occur
at rest
what is the treatment for unstable angina
pain relief
GTN
aspirin if being treated as ACS
what is prizmental angina often associated with?
stenosis from a vasoconstrictive stimuli
what can prizmental angina be caused by?
recreational drugs
amphetamine
cocaine
cannabis
what are the symptoms of prizmental angina?
same as stable/unstable
ischemic
what is atherosclerosis in more detail
a process of lipid accumulation- plaque formation, scarring and inflammation of the vascular wall
what is the result of atherosclerosis on the vasculature?
the vascular wall has a big fatty streak running through the middle of it which narrows the lumen and increases the thickness of the vessel wall which reduces elasticity
what are 3 calcium channel blockers
amlodipine
felodipine
nifedipine
how do you calculate CO
CO= SVxHR
what is an aneurism
localised dilation and weakening of an arterial wall
