Cardiovascular: ATI

Question 1

Dysrhythmias

Answer 1

effects rate + rhythm of the heart; dysrhythmia can be harmless OR life threatening; rapid recognition + treatment is essential to life preservation; might only be present with increased activity

-life threatening generally relate to decreased cardiac output + decreased peripheral perfusion

Question 2

Cardioversion

Answer 2

atrial dysrhythmias, supraventricular tachycardia, ventricular tachycardia + pulse

**treatment of choice from patients that are symptomatic

Question 3

Defibrillation

Answer 3

Defib STOPS all activity of the heart, allowing for the SA node to “reset” and reestablish perfusing rhythm

-ventric fib, pulseless ventric tachycardia

Question 4

Cardioversion + Embolisms

Answer 4

cardioversion can dislodge blood clots causing harm to patient

***it is recommended that patients getting cardioversion take anticoagulants for 4-6 weeks BEFORE to help reduce the chance of embolism

Question 5

A nurse on a cardiac unit is caring for a client who is on telemetry. The nurse recgonizes the client’s heart rate is 46/min and notifies the provider. Which of the following prescriptions might be appropriate for the patient?

Answer 5

PACEMAKER

Question 6

Heart Failure: Left-sided failure risk factors

Answer 6

• hypertension
• CAD, angina, MI
• valvular disease

Question 7

Heart Failure: Right-sided failure risk factors

Answer 7

• left-sided failure
• right MI
• pulmonary problems: COPD, pulm fibrosis, etc.

Question 8

Heart Failure: Left-sided failure S/S

Answer 8

-dyspnea, orthopnea, nocturnal dyspnea
-fatigue
-displaced apical pulse
-S3 heart sound
-cough, crackles,
frothy sputum
-altered mental status
-organ failure S/S
-nocturia

Question 9

Heart Failure: Right-sided failure S/S

Answer 9

• jugular vein distention
• dependent edema
• abd destention + ascites
• fatigue, weakness
• nausea + anorexia
• polyuria at rest
• liver enlargement + tenderness
• weight gain

Question 10

Herbal Supplements (cardio)

Answer 10

Herbal supplements interact with medications taken for cardio related issues

Question 11

LOOP DIURETICS

Answer 11

furosemide + bumetanide: can cause hypokalemia, consume more potassium to help

Question 12

THIAZIDE DIURETICS

Answer 12

hydrochlorothiazide: can cause hypokalemia, increase potassium intake

Question 13

POTASSIUM-SPARING DIURETICS

Answer 13

spironolactone: can cause hyperkalemia, watch for high potassium intake, decrease salt subsititues = high in potassium

Question 14

ACE INHIBITORS

Answer 14

end in “pril”, enalapril & captopril, monitor for hypotension after first dose

• *monitor for dry cough
• *monitor for 2 hours after INITIAL dose to detect hypotension

Question 15

DIGOXIN

Answer 15

• *take apical heart rate for 60 seconds

* *HOLD MEDICATION IF APICAL PULSE IS LESS THAN 60/min

Question 16

BETA BLOCKERS

Answer 16

end in “olol”, metoprolol & carvedilol, monitor blood pressure, can cause orthohypotension

Question 17

Peripheral Vascular Disease: PAD

Answer 17

• result from atherosclerosis = gradual thickening of arteries, resulting in narrowing of vessel opening
• *hardening of arteries
• *tissue damage occurs BELOW the obstruction

Question 18

PAD risk factors

Answer 18

hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, smoking, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, hereditary, FEMALE, 65+ years old

Question 19

Peripheral Vascular Disease: PVD

Answer 19

problems with the veins that interfere with adequate return of blood flow from the extremities.

Question 20

PVD risk factors

Answer 20

surgeries, heart failure, immobility, pregnancy, oral contraceptives, cancer, ulcerate colitis, obesity

Question 21

PVD S/S

Answer 21

limb pain, DVT,