Cardiovascular: ATI Flashcards
Dysrhythmias
effects rate + rhythm of the heart; dysrhythmia can be harmless OR life threatening; rapid recognition + treatment is essential to life preservation; might only be present with increased activity
-life threatening generally relate to decreased cardiac output + decreased peripheral perfusion
Cardioversion
atrial dysrhythmias, supraventricular tachycardia, ventricular tachycardia + pulse
**treatment of choice from patients that are symptomatic
Defibrillation
Defib STOPS all activity of the heart, allowing for the SA node to “reset” and reestablish perfusing rhythm
-ventric fib, pulseless ventric tachycardia
Cardioversion + Embolisms
cardioversion can dislodge blood clots causing harm to patient
***it is recommended that patients getting cardioversion take anticoagulants for 4-6 weeks BEFORE to help reduce the chance of embolism
A nurse on a cardiac unit is caring for a client who is on telemetry. The nurse recgonizes the client’s heart rate is 46/min and notifies the provider. Which of the following prescriptions might be appropriate for the patient?
PACEMAKER
Heart Failure: Left-sided failure risk factors
- hypertension
- CAD, angina, MI
- valvular disease
Heart Failure: Right-sided failure risk factors
- left-sided failure
- right MI
- pulmonary problems: COPD, pulm fibrosis, etc.
Heart Failure: Left-sided failure S/S
-dyspnea, orthopnea, nocturnal dyspnea
-fatigue
-displaced apical pulse
-S3 heart sound
-cough, crackles,
frothy sputum
-altered mental status
-organ failure S/S
-nocturia
Heart Failure: Right-sided failure S/S
- jugular vein distention
- dependent edema
- abd destention + ascites
- fatigue, weakness
- nausea + anorexia
- polyuria at rest
- liver enlargement + tenderness
- weight gain
Herbal Supplements (cardio)
Herbal supplements interact with medications taken for cardio related issues
LOOP DIURETICS
furosemide + bumetanide: can cause hypokalemia, consume more potassium to help
THIAZIDE DIURETICS
hydrochlorothiazide: can cause hypokalemia, increase potassium intake
POTASSIUM-SPARING DIURETICS
spironolactone: can cause hyperkalemia, watch for high potassium intake, decrease salt subsititues = high in potassium
ACE INHIBITORS
end in “pril”, enalapril & captopril, monitor for hypotension after first dose
- *monitor for dry cough
- *monitor for 2 hours after INITIAL dose to detect hypotension
DIGOXIN
- *take apical heart rate for 60 seconds
* *HOLD MEDICATION IF APICAL PULSE IS LESS THAN 60/min
BETA BLOCKERS
end in “olol”, metoprolol & carvedilol, monitor blood pressure, can cause orthohypotension
Peripheral Vascular Disease: PAD
- result from atherosclerosis = gradual thickening of arteries, resulting in narrowing of vessel opening
- *hardening of arteries
- *tissue damage occurs BELOW the obstruction
PAD risk factors
hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, smoking, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, hereditary, FEMALE, 65+ years old
Peripheral Vascular Disease: PVD
problems with the veins that interfere with adequate return of blood flow from the extremities.
PVD risk factors
surgeries, heart failure, immobility, pregnancy, oral contraceptives, cancer, ulcerate colitis, obesity
PVD S/S
limb pain, DVT,
