Cardiovascular And Respiratory System

Question 1

Define PULMONARY CIRCUIT

Answer 1

CIRCULATION of blood through PULMONARY ARTERY to the LUNGS and PULMONARY VEIN back to the HEART

Question 2

Define SYSTEMIC CIRCUIT

Answer 2

CIRCULATION of blood through the AORTA to the BODY and VENA CAVA back to the HEART

Question 3

Define MYOGENIC

Answer 3

the capacity of the heart to generate its own electrical impulse, which causes the cardiac muscle to contract

Question 4

Define DIASTOLE

Answer 4

the RELAXATION phase of cardiac muscle where the chambers fill with blood

Question 5

Define SYSTOLE

Answer 5

the CONTRACTION phase of cardiac muscle where the blood is forcibly ejected into the aorta and pulmonary artery

Question 6

Define AORTA

Answer 6

the aorta is the largest artery in the body. The heart pumps blood from the left ventricle into the aorta through the aortic valve.

Question 7

Define VENA CAVAE

Answer 7

venae cavae are the two largest veins in the body. These blood vessels carry oxygen-depleted blood from various regions of the body to the right atrium of the heart

Question 8

Define HEART RATE

Answer 8

the number of times the heart beats per minute

Question 9

Define STROKE VOLUME

Answer 9

the volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle per beat

Question 10

Define CARDIAC OUTPUT

Answer 10

the volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle per minute.

Question 11

What is the pathway of blood ? (VAVA ect)

Answer 11

vena cava
right atrium
(tricuspid valve) 
right ventricle 
pulmonary artery 
(lungs) 
pulmonary vein 
(bicuspid valve) 
left atrium 
left ventricle 
aorta 
(body)

Question 12

What is the equation for cardiac output ?

Answer 12

HR x SV = Q

Question 13

What is the CARDIAC CYCLE ?

Answer 13

Atrial Diastole
Ventricular Diastole

Atrial Systole
Ventricular Systole

Question 14

What is the CONDUCTION SYSTEM ?

Answer 14

SA Node
AV Node

Bundle of HIS
Purkinje Fibres

Question 15

How to the CARDIAC CYCLE and the CONDUCTION SYSTEM work together ?

Answer 15

Atrial Diastole
Ventricular Diastole 
SA Node 
AV Node 
Atrial Systole 
Bundle of HIS 
Purkinje Fibres 
Ventricular Systole

Question 16

Define REGULATION

Answer 16

a rule or directive made and maintained by an authority

Question 17

Define AUTONOMIC

Answer 17

involuntary or unconscious

Question 18

Define SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

Answer 18

part of the autonomic nervous system responsible for increasing HR

Question 19

Define PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

Answer 19

part of the autonomic nervous system responsible for decreasing HR

Question 20

Define MEDULLA OBLONGATA

Answer 20

a portion of the hindbrain that controls autonomic functions

Question 21

Define CCC

Answer 21

Cardiac Contol Centre

Question 22

Define HORMONAL

Answer 22

containing a hormone or hormones

Question 23

Define VENOUS RETURN

Answer 23

the return of the blood to the right atria through the veins

Question 24

Define ADRENALINE

Answer 24

a hormone secreted by the adrenal glands that increases rates of blood circulation, breathing, and carbohydrate metabolism and prepares muscles for exertion

Question 25

Define FIRING RATE

Answer 25

the amount of neurons firing at a giving time

Question 26

What are the 3 components of NEURAL FACTORS ?

Answer 26

chemoreceptors - increase in CO2 proprioreceptors - muscle and tendon movement baroreceptors - blood pressure

Question 27

What is the one component of HORMONAL FACTORS ?

Answer 27

adrenaline - increases HR

Question 28

What are the components of INTRINSIC FACTORS ?

Answer 28

temperature | venous return

Question 29

What are the 5 components in VENOUS RETURN

Answer 29

- pocket valve - smooth muscle - gravity - skeletal muscle pump - respiratory pump

Question 30

What is RCC ?

Answer 30

Respiratory Control Centre

Question 31

What are the 2 centres in the RCC ?

Answer 31

- expiratory centre | - inpiratory centre

Question 32

What nerve is linked with the EXPIRATORY CENTRE and where does it go to ?

Answer 32

INTERCOSTAL NERVE - external intercostal muscles

Question 33

What nerve is linked with the INSPIRATORY CENTRE and where does it go to ?

Answer 33

PHRENIC NERVE - diaphragm

Question 34

What 3 components are in the VASCUALR SHUNT ?

Answer 34

- vasoconstriction - vasodialation - pre-capillary sphinter

Question 35

What is VASOCONSTRICTION ?

Answer 35

when the lumen gets smaller - limiting blood flow

Question 36

What is VASODIALATION ?

Answer 36

when the lumen gets bigger - increasing blood flow

Question 37

What do PRE-CAPILLARY SPHINTERS do ?

Answer 37

open and close to allow blood to flow through capillaries

Question 38

How does temperature link to venous return ?

Answer 38

temp increases - viscosity decrease - venous return increase - (SV) stroke volume increase = (Q) cardian output increase.

Question 39

INSPIRATION REST active or passive ?

Answer 39

active

Question 40

EXPIRATION REST active or passive ?

Answer 40

passive

Question 41

INSPIRATION EXERCISE active or passive ?

Answer 41

active

Question 42

EXPIRATION EXERCISE active or passive ?

Answer 42

active

Question 43

What muscles are involved with IR ?

Answer 43

diaphragm | external intercostal

Question 44

What muscles are involved with ER ?

Answer 44

none

Question 45

What muscles are involved in IE ?

Answer 45

diaphragm external intercostal sternocleidomastoid pectoralis minor

Question 46

What muscles are involved in EE ?

Answer 46

internal intercostal | rectus abdominalis

Question 47

IR : DIAPHRAGM

Answer 47

contracts and flattens

Question 48

IR : RIBS

Answer 48

up and out

Question 49

ER : DIAPHRAGM

Answer 49

relaxes

Question 50

ER : RIBS

Answer 50

down and in

Question 51

IE : RIBS

Answer 51

further up and out

Question 52

EE : RIBS

Answer 52

forced down and in

Question 53

IR : RESULT

Answer 53

decrease in pressure in THORATIC CAVITY air is brought into the lungs

Question 54

ER : RESULT

Answer 54

increase in pressure in THORATIC CAVITY air is pushed out

Question 55

IE : RESULT

Answer 55

decrease in pressure in THORATIC CAVITY MORE air is brought in

Question 56

EE : RESULT

Answer 56

increase in pressure in THORATIC CAVITY air is FORCED OUT

Question 57

What is PARTIAL PRESSURE ?

Answer 57

concentration of gas in a space

Question 58

What is DIFFUSION GRADIENT ?

Answer 58

gas moves from high pp to low pp

Question 59

What is DIFFUSION ?

Answer 59

movement of particles across a partially permeable membrane (1 cell thick) down a diffusion gradient

Question 60

What are the 2 "features" in the EXTERNAL SITE ?

Answer 60

alveoli and capillary

Question 61

What are the 2 "features" in the INTERNAL SITE ?

Answer 61

muscle fibre and capillary

Question 62

How many oxygen can haemoblobin hold ?

Answer 62

4

Question 63

What is the product of oxygen and haemoglobin ?

Answer 63

oxyhaemoglobin

Question 64

Where is there a high PP of O2 at the external site ?

Answer 64

in the alveoli / lungs

Question 65

Where is there a high PP of CO2 at the external site ?

Answer 65

in the capillary

Question 66

Where is there a low PP of O2 at the external site ?

Answer 66

in the capillary

Question 67

Where is there a low PP of CO2 at the external site ?

Answer 67

in the alveoli / lungs

Question 68

What is a partially permeable membrane ?

Answer 68

a membrane that is one cell thick

Question 69

After the external site, where does the blood go ?

Answer 69

LA / LV / AORTA / MUSCLE

Question 70

How many oxygen disassociate from the haemoglobin at the internal site ?

Answer 70

2

Question 71

How many CO2 diffuse out of the muscle fibre ?

Answer 71

an equal amount - PP should always be equal

Question 72

Where is there a high PP of 02 at the internal site ?

Answer 72

in the capillary

Question 73

Where is there a high PP of CO2 at the internal site ?

Answer 73

in the muscle fibre

Question 74

Where is there a low PP of O2 at the internal site ?

Answer 74

in the muscle fibre

Question 75

Where is there a low PP of CO2 at the internal site ?

Answer 75

in the capillary

Question 76

Does the capillary only contain O2 ?

Answer 76

no it carries some CO2

Question 77

HEART RATE : REST : UNTRAINED

Answer 77

60 - 80

Question 78

HEART RATE : REST : TRAINED

Answer 78

>60

Question 79

HEART RATE : SM : UNTRAINED

Answer 79

100 - 130

Question 80

HEART RATE : SM : TRAINED

Answer 80

95 - 120

Question 81

HEART RATE : MAX : UNTRAINED

Answer 81

220 - age

Question 82

HEART RATE : MAX : TRAINED

Answer 82

220 - age

Question 83

STROKE VOLUME : REST : UNTRIANED

Answer 83

70 ml

Question 84

STROKE VOLUME : REST : TRAINED

Answer 84

70 - 100 ml

Question 85

STROKE VOLUME : SM : UNTRAINED

Answer 85

100 - 120 ml

Question 86

STROKE VOLUME : SM : TRAINED

Answer 86

160 - 200 ml

Question 87

STROKE VOLUME : MAX : UNTRAINED

Answer 87

100 - 120 ml

Question 88

STROKE VOLUME : MAX : TRAINED

Answer 88

160 - 200 ml

Question 89

CARDIAC OUTPUT : REST : UNTRAINED

Answer 89

4 - 8 l/min

Question 90

CARDIAC OUTPUT : REST : TRAINED

Answer 90

4 - 8 l/min

Question 91

CARDIAC OUTPUT : SM : UNTRAINED

Answer 91

10 - 15 l/min

Question 92

CARDIAC OUTPUT : SM : TRAINED

Answer 92

15 - 20 l/min

Question 93

CARDIAC OUTPUT : MAX : UNTRAINED

Answer 93

20 - 30 l/min

Question 94

CARDIAC OUTPUT : MAX : TRAINED

Answer 94

30 - 40 l/min

Question 95

BREATHING FREQUENCY : REST : UNTRAINED

Answer 95

12 - 15 breaths per min

Question 96

BREATHING FREQUENCY : REST : TRAINED

Answer 96

11 - 12 breaths per min

Question 97

BREATHING FRQUENCY : MAX : UNTRAINED

Answer 97

40 - 50 breaths per min

Question 98

BREATHING FREQUENCY : MAX : TRAINED

Answer 98

50 - 60 breaths per min

Question 99

TIDAL VOLUME : REST : UNTRAINED

Answer 99

0.5 l

Question 100

TIDAL VOLUME : REST : TRAINED

Answer 100

0.5 l

Question 101

TIDAL VOLUME : MAX : UNTRAINED

Answer 101

2.5 - 3 l

Question 102

TIDAL VOLUME : MAX : TRAINED

Answer 102

3 - 3.5 l

Question 103

MINUTE VENTILATION : REST : UNTRAINED

Answer 103

6 - 7.5 l/min

Question 104

MINUTE VENTILATION : REST : TRAINED

Answer 104

5.5 - 6 l/min

Question 105

MINUTE VENTILATION : MAX : UNTRAINED

Answer 105

100 - 150 l/min

Question 106

MINUTE VENTILATION : MAX : TRAINED

Answer 106

160 - 210 l/min

Question 107

nerve stimulated to increase heart rate?

Answer 107

accelerator

Question 108

nervous system increasing heart rate

Answer 108

sympathetic

Question 109

nervous system decreasing heart rate

Answer 109

parasympathetic

Question 110

nerve stimulated to decrease heart rate

Answer 110

vagus nerve

Question 111

intrinsic control

Answer 111

heart senses changes temperature contractility

Question 112

Stroke volume increases because

Answer 112

Increased volume return | Starlings law

Question 113

Why does stroke volume plateau

Answer 113

Doesn’t allow the ventricles and atria to fill up due to the speed of contractions in the diastole phase