Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Systems 1B Anatomy (ME2508) > Cardiovascular Anatomy > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the mediastinum located?

A
  • the centre of the thoracic cavity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the major component of the mediatsinum?

A
  • the heart, lying within the pericardium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

List the divisions of the mediastinum.

A
  • superior

- inferior - subdivided into anterior, middle and posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What forms the anterior border of the mediastinum?

A
  • the first rib
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What forms the superior border of the mediastinum?

A
  • the fifth rib
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What separates the superior from the inferior mediastinum?

A
  • transverse thoracic plane
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

List the structures of the mediastinum.

A
  • arteries: aortic arch, brachiocephalic artery and left subclavian artery
  • veins: brachiocephalic vein, superior vena cava
  • nerves: vagus and phrenic
  • trachea
  • oesophagus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

List the structures of the middle mediastinum.

A
  • heart
  • pericardium
  • great vessels
  • descending aorta
  • oesophagus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

List the structures of the posterior mediastinum.

A
  • thoracic duct

- sympathetic chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where can the apex of the heart be located?

A
  • left fifth intercostal space

- approx. 9cm form the median plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which structures form the right border of the heart?

A
  • right atrium

- right ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which structures form the left border of the heart?

A
  • left atrium

- left ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which structures form the inferior border of the heart?

A
  • right ventricle

- left ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which structures form the superior border of the heart?

A
  • right atrium

- left atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

At which vertebral levels does the heart lay?

A
  • T5-T8
  • posterior to the sternum
  • however, if the body was in the upright position then the heart will hang further down
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

At which vertebral level is the beginning and termination of the aortic arch?

A
  • T4
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

At which vertebral level does the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta occur?

A
  • L4
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

At which vertebral level does the bifurcation of the common iliac arteries occur?

A
  • L5
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Name the vessels that branch off the aortic arch in order from right to left.

A
  • brachiocephalic trunk
  • left common carotid artery
  • left subclavian artery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Name the arteries which branch off the descending aorta.

A
  • bronchial arteries
  • oesophageal arteries
  • pericardial arteries
  • posterior intercostal arteries
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where do the common iliac arteries arise?

A
  • L4
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

True or False?

The external iliac arteries arise at L5/S1 and become the internal iliac arteries.

A

False.

- they become the femoral arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

True or False?

Internal iliac arteries arise at L5/S1 and supply the pelvic viscera.

A

True.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Name the tributaries of the superior vena cava.

A
  • left and right brachiocephalic vein
  • azygos vein
  • right internal jugular vein
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Name the tributaries of the inferior vena cava.
- left and right common iliac veins
26
True or False? | The azygos vein drains blood from theposterior intercostal vein.
True.
27
What vein drains into the azygos vein at T8/T9?
- the hemiazygos vein
28
State which vein the posterior intercostal vein drains into.
- the azygos vein
29
State which artery the posterior intercostal arteries drains into.
- the descending aorta
30
Where do veins/arteries from the thorax and abdomen drain into?
- the internal thoracic vein/artery
31
Where does the thoracic duct drain into?
- the medial end of the left brachiocephalic vein
32
Where does the right lymphatic duct drain into?
- the medial end of the right subclavian vein
33
Where does the subclavian artery become the axillary artery?
- the lateral border of the first rib
34
What happens to the axillary artery at the posterior axillary fold?
- it becomes the brachial artery
35
True of False? | The popliteal artery is a distal continuation of the femoral artery.
False. | - the iliac artery is a distal continuation of the femoral artery
36
What are two superficial veins in the lower limb?
- great saphenous | - small saphenous
37
What is the pericardium?
- a pleural membrane which covers the heart
38
List, in order from inside to outside, the layers that surround the heart.
- endocardium - myocardium - epicardium - pericardial cavity - parietal layer of serous pericardium - fibrous pericardium
39
What type of tissue is the inner endocardium comprised of?
- a single layer of squamous epithelium
40
What type of tissue is the middle myocardium comprised of?
- many layers of cardiac muscle
41
What type of tissue is the out epicardium comprised of?
- single layer of squamous epithelium
42
What prevents the overexpansion of the heart?
- the fibrous pericardium
43
Where does the visceral pericardium receive innervation from?
- T1-T4 nerves and vagus nerve via the cardiac plexus
44
What is the main innervation of the parietal and fibrous layers?
- the phrenic nerve
45
What is the fossa ovalis?
- remnant of the foramen ovale in the foetus | - it allowed blood to move between the chambers while bypassing the lungs
46
Describe atrial septal defect.
- defect in the interartirial septum which allows pulmonary venous return from the left atrium to pass directly to the right atrium
47
What tissue surrounds the heart valves and why?
- fibrous connective tissue rings - origin and insertion for cardiac muscle - blocks electrical signals between atria and ventricles, acting as an electrical insulator
48
Describe the atrioventricular valves.
- formed from thin flaps of tissue joined at the base to the fibrous connective ring - flaps are slightly thickened at the edge - connect at the ventricular side to collagenous tendons called the chordae tendinaea
49
Where do the chordae tendinaea attach?
- mound-like extensions of ventricular muscle, called papillary muscles
50
What is the function of the papillary muscles?
- provide stability | - cannot actively open or close the valves
51
Name the two atrioventricular valves.
- tricuspid - three flaps | - mitral - two flaps
52
Name the two semilunar valves.
- aortic valve | - pulmonary valve
53
Define ventricular septal defect.
- a hole in the wall between the two ventricles in the interventricular septum
54
When would ventricular septal defect be more common?
- in children with other genetic problems, such as Drown's syndrome
55
What supplies the heart wall with blood?
- the left and right coronary arteries and their branches
56
How does blood drain from the heart wall?
- cardiac veins - then drained into coronary sinus - then to the right atrium
57
Describe the coronary sinus.
- a wide, venous channel on the posterior surface of the heart
58
Where do the lymphatics from the heart drain to?
- the tracheobronchial and mediastinal lymph nodes
59
How are coronary nerves innovated?
- autonomic nerves travelling in the vagus nerve and the spinal cord segments T1-T4 are routed to the heart and coronary arteries via the cardiac plexus, situated at the bifurcation of the trachea
60
Describe the histological plan in the heart and blood vessels.
- innermost epithelium - middle muscle layer - outer connective tissue layer These layers are known respectively as; - tunica intima - tunica media - tuncia adventitia
61
What are the three main histological types of arteries?
- elastic - muscular - arterioles
62
Where does the atrioventricular node lie?
- the inferior part of the right septum.

Systems 1B Anatomy (ME2508) (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions