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Phase 1 > Cardiovascular Anatomy > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

The mediastinum is

A

The part of the thoracic cavity that lies between the lungs

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2
Q

The mediastinum extends from the

A
  • superior thoracic aperture superiorly to the diaphragm inferiorly
  • sternum anteriorly to the thoracic vertebrae posteriorly
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3
Q

The mediastinum contains:

A
  • The heart and pericardium
  • The great vessels that enter and leave the heart
  • The veins that drain the chest wall
  • The trachea and main bronchi
  • The oesophagus
  • Nerves - somatic and autonomic
  • Lymphatics
  • The thymus gland
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4
Q

The mediastinum is divided into

A

a superior and inferior compartment

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5
Q

The line between these compartments run from

A

the sternal angle anteriorly to the T4/T5 junction posteriorly

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6
Q

The inferior mediastinum is further divided into

A

anterior, middle and posterior compartments

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7
Q

The anterior mediastinum

A
  • lies between the posterior aspect of the sternum and anterior aspect of the pericardial sac
  • is a narrow space that contains the thymus gland in children and its remnant in adults
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8
Q

The middle mediastinum contains

A

the heart inside the pericardial sac, the pulmonary trunk and the ascending aorta

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9
Q

The posterior mediastinum lies between

A

the posterior aspect of the pericardial sac and the vertebrae

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10
Q

The main contents of superior mediastinum are the

A
  • aortic arch and its three branches
  • superior vena cava and left and right brachiocephalic veins
  • trachea
  • oesophagus
  • phrenic nerves and vagus nerves
  • thoracic duct
  • thymus gland
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11
Q

The aorta

A

leaves the left ventricle and carries oxygenated blood to systemic circulation

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12
Q

The ascending aorta

A
  • is the short first part
  • gives rise to the coronary arteries
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13
Q

The aortic arch

A
  • curves posteriorly
  • lies in the superior mediastinum
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14
Q

The aortic arch gives rise to which three major branches that supply the upper body?

A
  • the brachiocephalic trunk
  • the left common carotid artery
  • the left subclavian artery
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15
Q

The brachiocephalic trunk

A

bifurcates into:
- the right common carotid artery which supplies the right side of the head and neck
- the right subclavian artery which supplies the right upper limb

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16
Q

The left common carotid artery

A

supplies the left side of the head, neck and brain

17
Q

The left subclavian artery

A

supplies the left upper limb

18
Q

The descending thoracic aorta

A

descends through the posterior mediastinum into the abdomen posterior to the diaphragm

19
Q

Aortic arch contains

A

aortic bodies

20
Q

What is located in the aortic bodies?

A

chemoreceptors

21
Q

The ligamentum arteriosum

A

-a fibrous, cord-like connection between the pulmonary trunk and arch of the aorta
- it is the remnant of the ductus arteriosus

22
Q

The ductus arteriosus

A
  • a foetal circulatory shunt
  • diverts most of the blood entering the pulmonary trunk directly to the aortic arch
23
Q

The two large veins carrying blood entering the right atrium

A
  • the superior vena cava
  • the inferior vena cava
24
Q

The superior vena cava

A
  • returns blood to the heart from the head, neck and upper limbs
  • lies in the superior mediastinum
  • formed by the union of the left and right brachiocephalic veins
25
Q

The brachiocephalic vein

A

formed by the union of the internal jugular vein and the subclavian vein

26
Q

The internal jugular vein

A

drains the head and the neck

27
Q

The subclavian vein

A

drains the upper limb

28
Q

The inferior vena cava

A

returns blood to the heart from all regions inferior to the diaphragm

29
Q

The trachea

A
  • conducts air to and from the left and right main bronchi
  • semi-rigid as it has C-shaped rings of cartilage in its walls
  • extends from the larynx in the midline of the neck into the superior mediastinum
  • terminates at the level of the sternal angle by bifurcating into the left and right main bronchi
30
Q

The oesophagus

A
  • a muscular tube that extends from the pharynx to the stomach
  • waves of contractions of smooth muscle in the oesophageal wall move food and fluid distally - peristalsis
31
Q

Phrenic nerves

A
  • formed by fibres from C3, C4 and C5 spinal nerves
  • innervate diaphragm
    somatic nerves and contain motor and sensory fibres
  • descend through the neck, enter the thorax through the superior thoracic aperture
  • course over the pericardium and pierce the diaphragm
32
Q

Vagus nerves

A
  • arise from brainstem
  • contain somatic sensory, somatic motor and parasympathetic fibres
  • ## descend through neck alongside the internal carotid artery and internal vein and enter the thorax via superior thoracic aperture

Phase 1 (2 decks)

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