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Diagnostic Imaging 4 > cardiovascular anatomy > Flashcards

cardiovascular anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

vessels of circulation

A
  • arteries
  • capillaries
  • veins
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2
Q

Arteries

A

blood from the ventricles enters large arteries

blood moves into smaller arteries

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3
Q

smallest arteries called

A

arterioles

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4
Q

arterioles feed into…

A

the capillary beds of organs and tissues

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5
Q

capillaries

A

delicate blood vessels that exist throughout your body.

allow passage of fluid and nutrients

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6
Q

sinusoids

A
  • specialised capillaries

- have larger lumens and walls to allow passage of larger molecules

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7
Q

veins

A

carry deoxygenated blood towards your heart and are often located close to your skin

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8
Q

2 types of circulation

A

systemic and pulmonary circulation

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9
Q

systemic circulation

A
  • The blood is pumped out from the left ventricle, around the body and is returned to the right atrium via the inferior and superior vena cava
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10
Q

pulmonary circulation

A

the circulation of blood from the right ventricle to the lungs and back to the left atrium.

-

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11
Q

3 layers of tissue within the veins and arteries

A

Tunica intima
Tunica media
Tunica adventita

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12
Q

Tunica adventita

A
  • an outer layer of fibrous tissue, which protects and supports the vessel
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13
Q

Tunica media

A

a middle layer containing variable amounts of smooth muscle and elastic tissue

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14
Q

Tunica intima

A

a smooth lining layer - only one cell thick

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15
Q

Vasa vasorum

A

small blood vessels that supply the walls of larger arteries and veins with nutrients and oxygen

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16
Q

Anastomoses

A

arteries that form a link between the main arteries supplying an area

  • for example - the arterial supply to the palms of the hand and soles of the feet
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17
Q

types of anastomoses

A
  • Arterial
  • venous
  • arteriovenous
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18
Q

arterial anastomoses

A
  • Arteries supplying same area merge and form collateral channel
  • common in the abdominal organs, heart and brain
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19
Q

venous anastomoses

A

direct connections beween small arteries and small veins

20
Q

Arteriovenous anastomoses

A

direct connections between small arteries and small veins

21
Q

collateral circulation

A

alternate circulation around a blocked artery or vein via another path, such as nearby minor vessels.

22
Q

3 layers of the heart

A
  • percardium
  • myocardium
  • endocardium
23
Q

Pericardium

A
  • the outermost layer of the heart made up of 2 sacs

- fibrous pericardium and serous pericardium

24
Q

fibrous pericardium

A
  • inelastic and fibrous

- protects and prevents overdistention of the heart

25
Q

myocardium

A
  • muscular layer of the heart
  • thickest at apex of heart
  • wall of the left ventricle is thicker than right
26
Q

endocardium

A
  • lines the chambers and valves of the heart

- thin smooth membrane to ensure smooth flow of the blood through the heart

27
Q

the heart is divided into left and right by the…..

A

septum

28
Q

septum

A
  • consists of myocardium covered by endocardium
29
Q

tricuspid valve

A
  • between the right atrium and ventricle
30
Q

pulmonary valve

A
  • located between the right ventricle and pulmonary valve
31
Q

bicuspid valve (mitral valve)

A
  • located between the left atrium and ventricle
32
Q

aortic valve

A
  • located between the left ventricle and aorta
33
Q

flow of blood in heart

A
  • blood from superior and inferior vena cava goes into the right atrium
  • blood passes through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle
  • blood is then pumped into the pulmonary arteries
    (left and right)
  • blood then travels to the lungs
  • pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood to the left atrium
  • blood travels into the left ventricle throught the mitral valve
  • blood is then pumped into the aorta and to the rest of the body
34
Q

sinoatrial node

A

small mass that lies in the wall of the of the right atrium

  • generate regular impulses
35
Q

Atrioventricular node

A
  • a small mass of neuromuscular tissue situsted in the wall of the atrial seotum
  • transmits the electrical signals from the atria into the ventricles
  • allowing the atria to finish contracting before the ventricles start
36
Q

ECG P wave

A

respresents the impulse from the SA node sweeping over the atria

37
Q

ECG QRS complex

A
  • represents the rapid spread of impulse from the AV node through the AV bundle and purkinje fibres.
38
Q

ECG T wave

A
  • represents the relaxation of the ventricular muscle
39
Q

stroke volume

A
  • determined by the volume of blood in the ventricles immediately before they contract e.g. ventricular end-diastolic volume (VEDV).
  • increased VEDV leads to stronger myocardial contraction and more blood expelled, which increases stroke volume
40
Q

systolic pressure

A

when left ventricle contracts and pushes blood into the aorta, the arterial blood pressure rises sharply and produces the systolic blood pressure

41
Q

diastolic pressure

A

the pressure in the arteries when the heart rests between beats

42
Q

name of artery behind the knee

A

popliteal artery

43
Q

arteries in the foot

A

dorsalis pedis artery

44
Q

order of arteries in the lower body

A
  • common illiac artery
  • internal illiac artery
  • external illiac artery
  • femoral artery
  • popiteal
  • anterior tibial artery
  • posterior tibial artery
  • dorsalis pedis artery
45
Q

order of veins in lower body

A
  • common illiac vein
  • internal illiac vein
  • external illiac vein
  • femoral veins
  • great saphenous vein
  • popiteal vein
  • small saphenous vein
  • anterior tibial vein
  • posterior tibial vein
  • posterior fibular vein
  • small saphenous vein
  • great saphenous vein
46
Q

order of arteries in the upper body

A
  • Rt and Lt common carotid arteries
  • Rt and Lt vertebral arteries
  • Rt and Lt subclavian arteries
  • brachiosephalic artery
  • arch of aorta
  • Thoracic aorta
  • Abdominal aorta
  • axillary artery
  • brachial artery
  • radial artery
  • ulnar artery
  • deep palmar arch
47
Q

order of veins in the upper body

A
  • superficial temporal vein
  • facial vein
  • Lt and Rt internal jugular vein
  • Lt and Rt external jugular vein
  • Lt and Rt subclavian vein
  • Lt and Rt brachiocephalic vein
  • superior Vena cava
  • basilic vein
  • cephalic vein
  • brachial veins
  • inferior vena cava
  • median cubital vein
  • radial vein
  • ulnar vein

Diagnostic Imaging 4 (6 decks)

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