Cardiovascular agents Flashcards
Heart failure
Heart muscle weakens and enlarges
Right-Sided HF
Blood backs up in periphery
Left-Sided HF
Blood backs up in the lungs
Cardiac Glycoside
Prototype- Digoxin (Lanoxin)
Usually given for pts. in HF. Digoxin has a low therapeutic index.
Action of Digoxin
- Increases force of myocardial contraction
- Prolongs refractory period of the AV node.
- Decreased conduction through AV&SA node.
Contraindications of Digoxin
Shouldn’t be given to pt. W/ Ventricular disrhymias
- 2nd or 3rd degree heart block or
- Bradycardia.
Digoxin is used to treat
HF & Atrial fibrillation and Atrial Flutter. (used as an anti arrhythmic).
Side effects of Digoxin
Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, fatigue and confusion.
*Pt. can see yellow and green halos.
Adverse reactions of Digoxin
Bradycardia, ventricular disrhythmias and atria ventricular blocks.
Drug/lab/food interactions of Digoxin
If given with thiazide diuretics and loop diuretics. (loss of potassium).
Antidote for digoxin toxicity
Digiband
Nursing process:Digoxin
Monitor vital signs, magnesium and potassium levels.
*Base line pulse rate. Must have pulse of at least 60.
Look for decreased HR& S/S of HF (decreased edema and lung crackles).
Normal serum dig level
0.8-2ng mLs
Antianginal drugs
-Nitrates
reduction of venous tone, decreased workload of the heart, vasodilation
Antianginal drugs
-Beta blockers
decrease the workload of the heart and decrease oxygen demand
Antianginal drugs
-Calcium channel blockers
decrease the workload of the heart and decrease oxygen demands
Antianginal drugs
Prototype: Nitroglycerin (NTG)
Produces vasodilation.
Action of Nitroglycerin
Vasodilation in venous system more than arterial.
Increases coronary blood flow.
Decreased myocardial demand for oxygen to decrease chest pain.
Therapeutic effects of Nitroglycerin
Used to decrease anginal attacks and blood pressure.
Contraindications of Nitroglycerin
Cardiomyopathy, severe anemia, renal or hepatic disease, severe hypotension, hypovolemia and pregnancy.
Dosage of Nitroglycerin
SL:0.3, 0.4,0.6 mg repeat q 5min X 3 IV: 5mcq/min (titrate), topical (ointment, transdermal patch), buccal extended-release tablet, oral extended-release capsule and tablet, aerosol spray (inhalation)
Side effects of Nitroglycerin
Headache, hypotension, dizziness, syncope, weakness
Adverse reactions of Nitroglycerin
severe hypotension, reflex tachycardia and circulatory collapse.
Drug/lab/food interactions of Nitroglycerin
Vasodilation increased with alcohol & other antihypertensive medications.
NTG can decrease effects of heparin.