Antiinfectives Flashcards
Bacteria
disease producing organisms
-Bacilli: elongated or rod-shaped.
-Cocci: spherical cocci appear in clusters (staphylococci)
cocci arranged in chains (streptococci)
-Gram-positive
-Gram-negative
Antibacterials and Antimicrobials:
◦Substances that inhibit bacterial growth or kill bacteria and other microorganism
Antibiotics:
◦Chemicals produced by one kind of microorganism that inhibits the growth of or kills another
Bacteriostatic
Inhibit growth of bacteria
Bacteriocidal
Kill bacteria
Narrow spectrum
primarily effective against one bacteria type
Broad spectrum
- effective against gram-positive and gram-negative
- often used to treat infections when the offending microorganism has not been identified by C&S
Culture and Sensitivity
Used to detect the infective microorganisms present in a fluid sample (blood, sputum, urine and wounds)
◦The organism causing the infection is determined by culture
◦the antibiotics the organism is sensitive to are determined by sensitivity
Mechanism of action
- Inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis
- Alteration of membrane permeability
- Inhibition of protein synthesis
- Inhibition of synthesis of bacterial RNA and DNA -Interference of metabolism within the cell
Natural or inherent resistance
Occurs without any previous exposure to an antibacterial drug.
acquired resistance
Prior exposure to drug
cross-resistance
Can occur between antibacterial drugs that have similar actions. (penicillins and cephalosporins)
nosocomial infection
Hospital aquired infections due to drug resistant bacteria.
Antibiotic misuse
Viral infections
-No infection is present
-Taken incorrectly
◦skipping doses ◦not taking the full antibiotic regime
3 Major Adverse reactions
-Allergic reactions ◦rash ◦anaphylaxis -Organ toxicity ◦liver (metabolism) ◦kidneys (excretion) -Superinfection
