Cardiovascular A&P Flashcards
Low density lipoproteins (LDL)
Moves cholesterol from the liver to the parts of the body
Risk factors that can’t not be modified are called?
Non-modifiable or fixed.
High density chorlestoral
Moves cholesterol from the body back to the liver to be broken down or recycled
Sedentary death syndrome
Heath condition caused or worsened by lack of adequate physical activity.
C-reactive proteins
Proteins produced by the liver and released into bloodstream when active inflammation is present.
Fibrinogen
Protein produced by the liver which is necessary for normal blood clotting.
Stroke volume
70-80ml
Tricuspid valve
Three separate leaflets
Arteries are ___________ vessels.
Conductance
Arteries are designed to carry blood under
High pressure
Arterioles
Smallest branch of the arteries
Capillaries
Connect arteries and veinules
Venules
Smallest brach if the vein
Veins are ________ vessels.
Capacitance
The anterior surface of the heart is composed of the?
Rt ventricle
The hearts inferior surface is formed by?
Both the Rt and Lt. ventricle
The largest vein that drains the heart?
Coronary sinus
Apical impulse
Impulse that can be felt at the apex of heart.
Point of maximal impulse (apical impulse)
Site where the heartbeat is most strongly felt
What separate the heart into two functional pumps?
septa
Rt sided, low-pressure system which pumps unoxygenated blood is?
Pulmonary circulation
Lt side, high pressure system pumping oxygenated blood is referred to
Systemic circulation.
Three tissues of the heart?
Endocardium, myocardium and epicardium
Fibrous parietal pericardium
Rough outer layer of the pericardial sac.
Two types of heart valves?
2 x atrioventricular (AV)
2 x semilunar (SL)
Mitral (Bicuspid) valve.
Two cusp
Pulmonic and aortic (SL) valves open during?
Ventricular contraction
The two phases of the cardiac cycle
Systole and diastole
Systole
Chamber if the heart contract and blood is ejected
Diastole
Chambers are relaxed and are allowed to fill.
The myocardium receives oxygenated blood during?
Ventricular diastole
Three coronary arteries
Left anterior descending, circumflex, and right coronary
The coronary sinus drains into the?
Rt atrium
The largest vein that drains the heart?
Coronary sinus
Chronotropic effect
Refers to change in heart rate.
Positive change in chronotropic effect, increase in HR.
Negative change in chronotropic effect, decrease in HR.
Inotropic effect
Change in myocardial contractility.
A positive Inotropic effect, increase in contractility
A negative Inotropic effect, decrease in contractility
Dromotropic effect
Speed of conduction through the AV junctions.
A positive change in dromotropic effect, increase in AV conduction velocity.
A negative change in dromotropic effect, decrease in AV conduction velocity.
Baroreceptors (pressoreceptors) are found where?
Internal carotid arteries and aortic arch.
Decreased blood pressure stimulates a compensatory response called
Sympathetic or adrenergic
+ HR
Peripheral constriction
Increase force of myocardium contractions
Chemoreceptors which detect change in pH, O2, CO2 are located?
In the internal carotid arteries, aortic arch and medulla.
Parasympathetic ( inhibitory) effects on the heart
Slow discharge rate of SA node.
Slow conduction through AV node.
Decrease strength if atrial contraction.
Can cause small decrease in the force of ventricular contraction.
Sympathetic (accelerator) effects on the heart
Increase force of contractions.
Increase HR.
Increase BP.
Cardiac output
Amount of blood pumped to the aorta each minute
Stoke volume
The amount if blood ejected from the ventricles with each beat.
Preload (end-diastolic volume)
Force exerted on the wall of the ventricles at the end of diastole.
After load
Pressure or resistance against which the ventricles must pump to eject blood.
Digitalis toxicity
Common cause of junction all dysrhythmias.
