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Cardiovascular Disorders > Cardiovascular A&P > Flashcards

Cardiovascular A&P Flashcards

0
Q

Low density lipoproteins (LDL)

A

Moves cholesterol from the liver to the parts of the body

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1
Q

Risk factors that can’t not be modified are called?

A

Non-modifiable or fixed.

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2
Q

High density chorlestoral

A

Moves cholesterol from the body back to the liver to be broken down or recycled

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3
Q

Sedentary death syndrome

A

Heath condition caused or worsened by lack of adequate physical activity.

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4
Q

C-reactive proteins

A

Proteins produced by the liver and released into bloodstream when active inflammation is present.

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5
Q

Fibrinogen

A

Protein produced by the liver which is necessary for normal blood clotting.

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6
Q

Stroke volume

A

70-80ml

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7
Q

Tricuspid valve

A

Three separate leaflets

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8
Q

Arteries are ___________ vessels.

A

Conductance

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9
Q

Arteries are designed to carry blood under

A

High pressure

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10
Q

Arterioles

A

Smallest branch of the arteries

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11
Q

Capillaries

A

Connect arteries and veinules

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12
Q

Venules

A

Smallest brach if the vein

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13
Q

Veins are ________ vessels.

A

Capacitance

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14
Q

The anterior surface of the heart is composed of the?

A

Rt ventricle

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15
Q

The hearts inferior surface is formed by?

A

Both the Rt and Lt. ventricle

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16
Q

The largest vein that drains the heart?

A

Coronary sinus

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17
Q

Apical impulse

A

Impulse that can be felt at the apex of heart.

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18
Q

Point of maximal impulse (apical impulse)

A

Site where the heartbeat is most strongly felt

19
Q

What separate the heart into two functional pumps?

A

septa

20
Q

Rt sided, low-pressure system which pumps unoxygenated blood is?

A

Pulmonary circulation

21
Q

Lt side, high pressure system pumping oxygenated blood is referred to

A

Systemic circulation.

22
Q

Three tissues of the heart?

A

Endocardium, myocardium and epicardium

23
Q

Fibrous parietal pericardium

A

Rough outer layer of the pericardial sac.

24
Q

Two types of heart valves?

A

2 x atrioventricular (AV)

2 x semilunar (SL)

25
Q

Mitral (Bicuspid) valve.

A

Two cusp

26
Q

Pulmonic and aortic (SL) valves open during?

A

Ventricular contraction

27
Q

The two phases of the cardiac cycle

A

Systole and diastole

28
Q

Systole

A

Chamber if the heart contract and blood is ejected

29
Q

Diastole

A

Chambers are relaxed and are allowed to fill.

30
Q

The myocardium receives oxygenated blood during?

A

Ventricular diastole

31
Q

Three coronary arteries

A

Left anterior descending, circumflex, and right coronary

32
Q

The coronary sinus drains into the?

A

Rt atrium

33
Q

The largest vein that drains the heart?

A

Coronary sinus

34
Q

Chronotropic effect

A

Refers to change in heart rate.
Positive change in chronotropic effect, increase in HR.
Negative change in chronotropic effect, decrease in HR.

35
Q

Inotropic effect

A

Change in myocardial contractility.
A positive Inotropic effect, increase in contractility
A negative Inotropic effect, decrease in contractility

36
Q

Dromotropic effect

A

Speed of conduction through the AV junctions.
A positive change in dromotropic effect, increase in AV conduction velocity.
A negative change in dromotropic effect, decrease in AV conduction velocity.

37
Q

Baroreceptors (pressoreceptors) are found where?

A

Internal carotid arteries and aortic arch.

38
Q

Decreased blood pressure stimulates a compensatory response called

A

Sympathetic or adrenergic
+ HR
Peripheral constriction
Increase force of myocardium contractions

39
Q

Chemoreceptors which detect change in pH, O2, CO2 are located?

A

In the internal carotid arteries, aortic arch and medulla.

40
Q

Parasympathetic ( inhibitory) effects on the heart

A

Slow discharge rate of SA node.
Slow conduction through AV node.
Decrease strength if atrial contraction.
Can cause small decrease in the force of ventricular contraction.

41
Q

Sympathetic (accelerator) effects on the heart

A

Increase force of contractions.
Increase HR.
Increase BP.

42
Q

Cardiac output

A

Amount of blood pumped to the aorta each minute

43
Q

Stoke volume

A

The amount if blood ejected from the ventricles with each beat.

44
Q

Preload (end-diastolic volume)

A

Force exerted on the wall of the ventricles at the end of diastole.

45
Q

After load

A

Pressure or resistance against which the ventricles must pump to eject blood.

46
Q

Digitalis toxicity

A

Common cause of junction all dysrhythmias.

Cardiovascular Disorders (6 decks)

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