Cardiovascular Flashcards
identify structures on a typical vertebra
spinous process transverse process lamina pedicle body inferior articular process superior articular facet transverse foramen
what bones make up the sternum?
manubrium
sternum
xiphysternal joint
between manubrium and sternum?
sternal angle
what rib comes off the sternal angle?
2
1st palpatable spinous process
C7
which vertebral level is the superior angle of the scapula at?
T2
which vertebral level is the middle end of the scapula at?
T3
which vertebral level is the inferior angle of the scapula at?
T7
which vertebral level is the manubrium at?
T2/3-T4/5
which vertebral level is the jugular notch at?
T2/3`
which vertebral level is the sternal angle?
T4
which vertebral level is the body of the xiphysternum?
T8/T9
which vertebral level is halfway between the inferior angle of the scapula and the iliac crest?
T12
which vertebral level is the transpyloric plane?
L1
which vertebral level is the subcostal plane?
L2
surface marking for borders of the heart?
3rd CC sternal border on the right
6th CC sternal border on the right
2nd ICS/CC 2.5cm from sternal border on the left
5th ICS at midclavicular line
where to auscultate aortic valve?
right sternal border 2nd ICS
where to auscultate pulmonary valve?
left sternal border 2nd ICS
where to auscultate tricuspid valve?
left sternal border 5th ICS
where to auscultate mitral valve?
left 5th ICS at apex beat (midclavicular line)
palpation of the apex beat in adults
left 5th ICS at midclavicular line
what can you ask the patient to do to make the palpation of the apex beat easier?
jogging on the spot
is radial pulse found medially or laterally?
laterally, under the thumb
is the ulnar pulse found medially or laterally?
medially
where can you palpate the brachial artery?
medial to the biceps tendon
ALSO
in the middle third of the humerus in the medial biciptal groove
where can you palpate the carotid pulse?
between the lateral border of the thyroid cartilage and the medial border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
how would you describe the pulse?
in terms of rate and rhythm
normal pulse falls into?
65-85bpm
tachycardia is?
> 100bpm
bradycardia is?
<50bpm
can rate and rhythm be detected in both central and peripheral arteries?
yes
can character and volume be detected in both central and peripheral arteries?
no only in central arteries like carotid artery
which three veins can venepuncture be performed on?
medial cubital vein
basilic vein
cephalic vein
where is medial cubital vein accessed for venepuncture?
antecubital fossa
does the cephalic vein run medially or laterally?
laterally
does the basilic vein run medially or laterally?
medially
cephalic vein eventually joins the?
axillary vein
surface marking for the beginning of the aortic arch
the right 2nd CC
surface marking for the top of the aortic arch
between the sternal angle and jugular notch
surface marking for the end of the aortic arch
the left 2nd CC
surface marking for the left/right common carotid artery
subject turns their head
line from the sternoclavicular joint
follow the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
line continues all the way up to the ear lobe
surface marking for the internal jugular vein
just lateral to the common carotid artery
goes in direction to the posterior part of the ear lobe
for the cardiovascular examination, what is the positioning of the patient?
45 degrees
describe the exposure of the patient in a cardiovascular exam
shirt is removed
undergarments like a bra remains on
how to explain CVS exam to a patient
just going to have a look, listen and feel of the chest > heart exam
