Cardiovascular

Question 1

What sort of heart sounds may be heard with traumatic pericardititis?

Answer 1

Early stage - exudate and fibrin may cause friction sounds
As exudate fills pericardium - muffled heart sounds
If gas producing bacteria - Washing machine noises

Question 2

What value should you always interpret fibrinogen levels with in cattle?

Answer 2

Protein. The lower the P:F ration the more likely inflammation is present (esp

Question 3

What affect can foot and mouth disease on the heart?

Answer 3

Myocarditis in calves

Question 4

What deficiences and toxicities may cause induced cardiomyopathy in cattle?

Answer 4

Selenium/Vit E deficiency, Copper deficiency, fluoroacetate plants, ionophores, gossypol, cardiac glycosides

Question 5

How may you treat and prevent the formation of udder oedema?

Answer 5

Start milking prior to calving - issues with this practice exist
admin duretics and NSAIDs after calving
Restrict salt
Avoid excess body condition
Avoid high level energy feeding during late gestation

Question 6

What is the prevalence of enzootic bovine leukosis in dairy heirds?

Answer 6

0%, dairy herds are ‘free’ from infection