Cardiovascular Flashcards
1
Q
What are the steps in a full cardiovascular examination?
A
- Introduction, appearance, vitals
- Hands (appearance, pulse, radio-radial/femoral)
- Blood pressure (sitting/standing)
- Face
- Neck (carotid pulse, JVP)
- Chest
- Heaves, thrills and apex beat
- Auscultation (and at carotids, lung bases)
- Dynamic manouvres (respiration, leaning forward, Valsalva)
- Abdomen (liver engorgement, ascites)
- Legs (peripheral oedema)
- Peripheral pulses
2
Q
What valvular diseases are likely to give:
- A small carotid pulse
- A collapsing carotid pulse
A
- Aortic stenosis
- Aortic regurgitation
3
Q
What is likely to cause (in the JVP) a cannon wave?
A
- Complete heart block, tricuspid regurgitation, sometimes AF
4
Q
During a cardiovascular examination, you hear a pansystolic murmur. What could it be?
A
- Mitral regurgitation
- Tricuspid regurgitation
5
Q
During a cardiovascular examination, you hear a midsystolic murmur. What could it be?
A
- Aortic stenosis
- Pulmonary stenosis
6
Q
During a cardiovascular examination, you hear a bruit over the carotids. What could it be?
A
- Carotid stenosis
- Aortic stenosis
7
Q
Right heart murmurs become *** on inspiration. What about left heart murmurs?
A
RH murmurs - louder on inspiration (increased return), vice versa for LH murmurs
8
Q
Murmurs louder in deep expiration and leaning forward are?
A
Aortic regurgitation and pericardial friction rubs
