Cardiovascular Flashcards by Sarah Cole

Monounsaturated oils

Olive oil
Canola oil
Peanut oil 
Ava ado oil
Sesame oil
Almond oil

Reduce cardiovascular disease

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Omega-3 fatty acids

Flaxseed oil (Europe)
Walnut oil (Asia)
Hemp oil (Asia)
Salmon oil

Anti-inflammatory & reduce cardiovascular disease

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Camellia sinesis

Tea (China)

Flavonoids: antioxidant (lowers LDL)

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Theobroma Cocoa

Chocolate (South America)

Polyphenols: antioxidant (lower LDL)

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Lycopersicum esculenta

Tomato paste (South America)

Lycopene: antioxidant

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Glycine max

Genistein isoflavone (China)

Reduces cardiovascular disease

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Filipendula ulmaria

Aspirin/acetylsalicylic acid (Europe)

⬇️️cyclooxegenase⬇️prostaglandin
(anti inflammatory)

⬇️platelet hemostasis (decreases stickiness)

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Melilotus officinalis

Coumadin/warfarin (Europe)

Antagonizes vitamin K ⬇️ prothrombin in liver

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Potentilla fragariodes

Catechin

Hemostatic

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Allium sativum

Garlic (Eurasia)

Lowers lipids

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Avens sativa

Oats (Europe)

Bonds lipids in GI tract & ⬇️their absorption

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Pinus spp.

Sitostanol/benecol (Europe)

Lowers cholesterol

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Phenolics

Aromatic ring + OH group

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Terpenoids

5-carbon isoprene

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Alkaloids

N in cyclic ring

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Fat

Glycerol esters

Phytoestrogens

Glycine max (soybeans): isoflavones
Linux usitatissumum (flaxseed): lignans
Helianthus annus (sunflower): coumestans

⬇️LDL
⬇️cholesterol
⬇️TGs
⬇️artherogenesis

Digitalis lanata

Foxglove (Europe)

Digoxin inhibits alpha subunit of Na+ cycle
⬆️cyosolic Ca+

= slow, strong heartbeats

Digitalis purpurea

Foxglove (Europe)

Digitoxin inhibits alpha subunit of Na+ cycle
⬆️cyosolic Ca+

= slow, strong heartbeats

Strophanthus gratus

Arrow poison (Africa)

Ouabain inhibits alpha subunit of Na+ cycle
⬆️cyosolic Ca+

= slow, strong heartbeats

Nerium oleander

(Mediterranean)
Contains cardiac glycosides

inhibits alpha subunit of Na+ cycle
⬆️cyosolic Ca+

= slow, strong heartbeats

Erythroxylum coca

Lidocaine/procainamide/toacainide(S. America)

Blocks cardiac Na+ to slow conduction

Tx tachyarrythmias

Cinchona officinalis

(South America)

Quinidine Blocks cardiac Na+ to slow conduction

Tx tachyarrythmias

Papaver somniferum

Papaverine➡️verapamil (Europe)

Blocks cardiac Ca+ to slow conduction

Tx tachyarrythmias, hypertension

Atropa belladonna

Atropine (Europe) Blocks muscarinic cholinergic receptors Tx bradycardia

Crataegus spp.

Hawthorne berry/flower (Europe) Dilated coronary arteries Tx angina

Ammi visnaga

Fruit extract (Berber/Africa) Dilated coronary arteries Tax angina/asthma

Theobroma cacao

Dark chocolate (South America) Theobromine 1. dilates coronary arteries Tx angina 2. Smooth muscle relaxant Tx hypertension

Ephedra sinica

``` Ma huang (China) Ephedrine➡️metaprolol & atenolol ``` Adrenergic beta1 blocker Tx hypertension

Rauvolfia serpentina

Resperine/deserpidine (India) ⬇️norepinephrine by damaging storage vesicles in nerve terminus Tx hypertension

Beta1beta2 blockers

Nadolol & timolol Tx hypertension, but risk bronchospasm