Cardiovascular

Question 1

what percent of hypertension is primary and secondary

Answer 1

90% primary

10% secondary

Question 2

prehypertension

Answer 2

120-139, 80-89

Question 3

stage 1 hypertension

Answer 3

140-159, 90-99

Question 4

stage 2 hypertension

Answer 4

160+, 100+

Question 5

at what blood pressure should dental treatment not be rendered?

Answer 5

180+/110+,
at this point you should defer elective txt. If it is greater than 160/100, you can treat, but monitor closely. Refer to physian for 180/110 asap, and within one month for 160/100

Question 6

what are the early signs and symptoms of hypertensive disease?

Answer 6

elevated bp
narrowing and sclerosis of retinal arterioles
headache
dissiness
tinnitus

Question 7

what are the advanced signs and symptoms of hypertensive disease?

Answer 7

• rupture and hemorrhage of retinal arterioles
• papilledema
• left ventricular hypertrophy
• proteinuria
• congestive heart failure
• angina pectoris
• renal failure
• dementia
• encephalopathy

Question 8

what is the maximum amount of epinephrine that a cardiovascular patient can have?

Answer 8

2 carpules (=0.036 g)

Question 9

what is contra indicated for patients with a pacemaker?

Answer 9

electrosurgery, ultrasonic, cavitron, curing lights

Question 10

if a patient has had a MI, how long do you have to wait for elective dental procedures?

Answer 10

at least 30 days

Question 11

if a patient has infective endo carditis on the right valve…

Answer 11

they may be an IV drug abuser, if it’s on the left valve, it is something else

Question 12

what is the therapeutic range for INR?

Answer 12

2.0-3.5 for dental treatment including oral surgery

Question 13

lifetime risk of acquiring infective endocarditis per 100,000 patients

Answer 13

• general population: 5
• rheumatic heart disease: 380-440
• cardiac valve replacement surgery: 630
• previous endocariditis: 740
• prosthetic valve replacement in patients with PVE: 2160

Question 14

what procedures can you do that don’t need abx prophylaxis?

Answer 14

• routine anesthetic injections thru non infected tissue
• radiographs
• place removable pros or ortho appliances
• adjust ortho
• shedding deciduous teeth and bleeding from trauma to the lips or oral mucosa

Question 15

If a patient in the chair is having chest pain…

Answer 15

stop treatment and do the "ABC OMI MONA" for acute coronary syndrome
airway
breathing
circulation
oxygen
monitor
IV line
morphine
Oxygen
Nitroglycerin
Aspirin

Question 16

what does ABC OMI MONA stand for?

Answer 16

airway 
breathing
circulation
oxygen
monitor
IV line
Morphine
oxygen
nitroglycerin
aspirin