Cardiovascular Flashcards
enalapril
Vasotec
antihypertensive, ACE inhibitor
-pregnancy category D
-may cause dry cough
-first dose hypotension, especially in CHF and hypervolemia
-may cause hyperkalemia, avoid salt substitutes
-angioedema is serious reaction, discontinue immediately
-renoprotective properties, may cause acute renal failure, monitor serum creatinine and discontinue if >30% increase
rampiril
Altace
antihypertensive, ACE inhibitor
-pregnancy category D
-may cause dry cough
-first dose hypotension, especially in CHF and hypervolemia
-may cause hyperkalemia, avoid salt substitutes
-angioedema is serious reaction, discontinue immediately
-renoprotective properties, may cause acute renal failure, monitor serum creatinine and discontinue if >30% increase
-may have greater benefit if taken at bedtime
quinapril
Accupril
antihypertensive, ACE inhibitor
-pregnancy category D
-may cause dry cough
-first dose hypotension, especially in CHF and hypervolemia
-may cause hyperkalemia, avoid salt substitutes
-angioedema is serious reaction, discontinue immediately
-renoprotective properties, may cause acute renal failure, monitor serum creatinine and discontinue if >30% increase
benazepril
Lotensin
antihypertensive, ACE inhibitor
-pregnancy category X
-may cause dry cough
-first dose hypotension, especially in CHF and hypervolemia
-may cause hyperkalemia, avoid salt substitutes
-angioedema is serious reaction, discontinue immediately
-renoprotective properties, may cause acute renal failure, monitor serum creatinine and discontinue if >30% increase
lisinopril
Zestril, Prinivil
antihypertensive, ACE inhibitor
-pregnancy category D
-may cause dry cough
-first dose hypotension, especially in CHF and hypervolemia
-may cause hyperkalemia, avoid salt substitutes
-angioedema is serious reaction, discontinue immediately
-renoprotective properties, may cause acute renal failure, monitor serum creatinine and discontinue if >30% increase
doxazosin mesylate
Cardura
antihypertensive, alpha-1 blocker
-also used in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), aka enlarged prostate
-may cause psotural hypotension/orthostasis after first dose/increased dose
-can cause dizziness and/or headaches
terazosin
Hytrin
antihypertensive, alpha-1 blocker
-may cause postrual hypotensionk/orthostasis after first dose or increase
-can cause dizziness and/or headaches
clonidine
Catapres, Nexiclon
antihypertensive, alpha-II agonist
-may cause drowsiness, dry mouth, skin reactions
-rotate patch application sites and discard carefully
-do not discontinue abruptly
amiodarone
Cordarone
antiarrhythmic
-many drug interactions
-extremely long half life (40-50 days)
-possible hepatic and pulmonary damage
-may cause jaundice (notify MD), dark urine, trouble breathing
-may cause thyroid problems, hypotension, bradycardia, ocular disease, exacerbate arrhythmia
-have regular ophthalmic visits
-can cause skin to turn bluish-grey in color
warfarin sodium
Coumadin
anticoagulant
-increased risk of bleeding, especially GI
-very narrow therapeutic index
-INR must be monitored regularly, vitamin K intake should be uniform
-many drug interactions
fenofibrate
Tricor
antihyperlipidemic
-risk of myopathy (muscle pain, brown urine), risk increased with statins
-increases action of sulfonylureas
-monitor for hypoglycemia
-safer to combine with statin than gemfibrozil
gemfibrozil
Lopid
antihyperlipidemic
-increases effects of statins, so increased risk of myopathy (muscle pain, brown urine)
-take 30 mins before breakfast or dinner
-increased risk of gall stones
niacin
Niaspan
antihyperlipidemic
-causes flushing in most (>80%)
-take at bedtime with low-fat snack and 325mg aspirin to reduce effects
-dosing higher than 2g/day may cause hepatotoxicity
atorvastatin
Lipitor
antihyperlipidemic, HMG CoA reductase inhibitor
-pregnancy category X
-myopathy is serious reaction, discontinue immediately if Sx (muscle pain, brown urine)
-may be taken any time of day
-avoid alcohol and grapefruit
-some CYP3A4 interactions
lovastatin
Mevacor
antihyperlipidemic, HMG CoA reductase inhibitor
-pregnancy category X
-myopathy is serious reaction, discontinue immediately if Sx (muscle pain, brown urine)
-take in evening
-avoid alcohol and grapefruit
-several CYP3A4 interactions
pravastatin
Pravachol
antihyperlipidemic, HMG CoA reductase inhibitor
-pregnancy category X
-myopathy is serious reaction, discontinue immediately if Sx (muscle pain, brown urine)
-avoid alcohol and grapefruit
-significantly fewer CYP3A4 interactions than other statins (cleared renally instead of liver)
rosuvastatin
Crestor
antihyperlipidemic, HMG CoA reductase inhibitor
-pregnancy category X
-myopathy is serious reaction, discontinue immediately if Sx (muscle pain, brown urine)
-may be taken any time of day
-avoid alcohol and grapefruit
simvastatin
Zocor
antihyperlipidemic, HMG reductase inhibitor
-pregnancy category X
-myopathy is serious reaction, discontinue immediately if Sx (muscle pain, brown urine)
-take in evening
-avoid alcohol and grapefruit
-some CYP3A4 interactions
-commonly taken in combination with ezetimibe (cholestero absorption inhibitor)
aspirin
Ecotrin
antiplatelet
-used for cardiovascular or cerebrovascular accident treatment/prophylaxis
-75-325mg PO daily
-increased risk of bleeding
-may cause hypersensitivity reactions in pts with allergic triad (eczema, asthma, allergic rhinitis)
-avoid in children due to risk of Reye syndrome
valsartan
Diovan
antihypertensive, angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB)
-black box warning in pregnancy
-may cause dizziness, hypotension, hyperkalemia (avoid salt substitutes + potassium sparing diuretics)
-may cause renal dysfunction, discontinue if serum creatinine increases >30%
-NSAIDs reduce antihypertensive effect and increase risk of renal dysfunction
-taking with ACE inhibitor or renin inhibitor increases side effects with little benefit
irbesartan
Avapro
antihypertensive, angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB)
-black box warning in pregnancy
-may cause dizziness, hypotension, hyperkalemia (avoid salt subs + potassium sparing diuretics)
-may cause renal dysfunction, discontinue if serum creatinine increases >30%
-NSAIDs reduce antihypertensive effects, increases risk of renal dysfunction
-taking with ACE inhibitor or renin inhibitor increases side effects with little benefit
candesartan
Atacand
Antihypertensive, angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB)
-black box for pregnancy
-may cause dizziness, hypotension, hyperkalemia (avoid salt subs + potassium sparing diuretics)
-may cause renal dysfunction, discontinue if serum creatinine increases >30%
-NSAIDs reduce antihypertensive effect, increases risk of renal dysfunction
-taking with ACE inhibitor or renin inhibitor increase side effects with little benefit
olmesartan
Benicar
antihypertensive, angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB)
-black box warning for pregnancy
-may cause dizziness, hypotension, hyperkalemia (avoid salt subs + potassium sparing diruetics)
-may cause renal dysfunction, discontinue if serum creatinine increases >30%
-NSAIDs reduces antihypertensive effect, increases risk of renal dysfunction
-taking with ACE inhibitor or renin inhibitor increase side effects with little benefit
-sprue-like enteropathy (unexplained weight loss and diarrhea)
losartan potassium
Cozaar, Hyzaar
antihypertensive, angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB)
-black box warning in pregnancy
-may cause dizziness, hypotension, hyperkalemia (avoid salt subs + potassium sparing diuretics)
-may cause renal dysfunction, discontinue if serum creatinine increases >30%
-NSAIDs reduce antihypertensive effect, increases risk of renal dysfunction
-taking with ACE inhibitor or renin inhibitor increases side effects with little benefit
