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Top 300 Drugs > Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

enalapril

A

Vasotec

antihypertensive, ACE inhibitor

-pregnancy category D
-may cause dry cough
-first dose hypotension, especially in CHF and hypervolemia
-may cause hyperkalemia, avoid salt substitutes
-angioedema is serious reaction, discontinue immediately
-renoprotective properties, may cause acute renal failure, monitor serum creatinine and discontinue if >30% increase

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2
Q

rampiril

A

Altace

antihypertensive, ACE inhibitor

-pregnancy category D
-may cause dry cough
-first dose hypotension, especially in CHF and hypervolemia
-may cause hyperkalemia, avoid salt substitutes
-angioedema is serious reaction, discontinue immediately
-renoprotective properties, may cause acute renal failure, monitor serum creatinine and discontinue if >30% increase
-may have greater benefit if taken at bedtime

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3
Q

quinapril

A

Accupril

antihypertensive, ACE inhibitor

-pregnancy category D
-may cause dry cough
-first dose hypotension, especially in CHF and hypervolemia
-may cause hyperkalemia, avoid salt substitutes
-angioedema is serious reaction, discontinue immediately
-renoprotective properties, may cause acute renal failure, monitor serum creatinine and discontinue if >30% increase

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4
Q

benazepril

A

Lotensin

antihypertensive, ACE inhibitor

-pregnancy category X
-may cause dry cough
-first dose hypotension, especially in CHF and hypervolemia
-may cause hyperkalemia, avoid salt substitutes
-angioedema is serious reaction, discontinue immediately
-renoprotective properties, may cause acute renal failure, monitor serum creatinine and discontinue if >30% increase

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4
Q

lisinopril

A

Zestril, Prinivil

antihypertensive, ACE inhibitor

-pregnancy category D
-may cause dry cough
-first dose hypotension, especially in CHF and hypervolemia
-may cause hyperkalemia, avoid salt substitutes
-angioedema is serious reaction, discontinue immediately
-renoprotective properties, may cause acute renal failure, monitor serum creatinine and discontinue if >30% increase

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5
Q

doxazosin mesylate

A

Cardura

antihypertensive, alpha-1 blocker

-also used in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), aka enlarged prostate
-may cause psotural hypotension/orthostasis after first dose/increased dose
-can cause dizziness and/or headaches

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6
Q

terazosin

A

Hytrin

antihypertensive, alpha-1 blocker

-may cause postrual hypotensionk/orthostasis after first dose or increase
-can cause dizziness and/or headaches

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7
Q

clonidine

A

Catapres, Nexiclon

antihypertensive, alpha-II agonist

-may cause drowsiness, dry mouth, skin reactions
-rotate patch application sites and discard carefully
-do not discontinue abruptly

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8
Q

amiodarone

A

Cordarone

antiarrhythmic

-many drug interactions
-extremely long half life (40-50 days)
-possible hepatic and pulmonary damage
-may cause jaundice (notify MD), dark urine, trouble breathing
-may cause thyroid problems, hypotension, bradycardia, ocular disease, exacerbate arrhythmia
-have regular ophthalmic visits
-can cause skin to turn bluish-grey in color

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9
Q

warfarin sodium

A

Coumadin

anticoagulant

-increased risk of bleeding, especially GI
-very narrow therapeutic index
-INR must be monitored regularly, vitamin K intake should be uniform
-many drug interactions

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10
Q

fenofibrate

A

Tricor

antihyperlipidemic

-risk of myopathy (muscle pain, brown urine), risk increased with statins
-increases action of sulfonylureas
-monitor for hypoglycemia
-safer to combine with statin than gemfibrozil

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11
Q

gemfibrozil

A

Lopid

antihyperlipidemic

-increases effects of statins, so increased risk of myopathy (muscle pain, brown urine)
-take 30 mins before breakfast or dinner
-increased risk of gall stones

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12
Q

niacin

A

Niaspan

antihyperlipidemic

-causes flushing in most (>80%)
-take at bedtime with low-fat snack and 325mg aspirin to reduce effects
-dosing higher than 2g/day may cause hepatotoxicity

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13
Q

atorvastatin

A

Lipitor

antihyperlipidemic, HMG CoA reductase inhibitor

-pregnancy category X
-myopathy is serious reaction, discontinue immediately if Sx (muscle pain, brown urine)
-may be taken any time of day
-avoid alcohol and grapefruit
-some CYP3A4 interactions

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14
Q

lovastatin

A

Mevacor

antihyperlipidemic, HMG CoA reductase inhibitor

-pregnancy category X
-myopathy is serious reaction, discontinue immediately if Sx (muscle pain, brown urine)
-take in evening
-avoid alcohol and grapefruit
-several CYP3A4 interactions

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15
Q

pravastatin

A

Pravachol

antihyperlipidemic, HMG CoA reductase inhibitor

-pregnancy category X
-myopathy is serious reaction, discontinue immediately if Sx (muscle pain, brown urine)
-avoid alcohol and grapefruit
-significantly fewer CYP3A4 interactions than other statins (cleared renally instead of liver)

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16
Q

rosuvastatin

A

Crestor

antihyperlipidemic, HMG CoA reductase inhibitor

-pregnancy category X
-myopathy is serious reaction, discontinue immediately if Sx (muscle pain, brown urine)
-may be taken any time of day
-avoid alcohol and grapefruit

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17
Q

simvastatin

A

Zocor

antihyperlipidemic, HMG reductase inhibitor

-pregnancy category X
-myopathy is serious reaction, discontinue immediately if Sx (muscle pain, brown urine)
-take in evening
-avoid alcohol and grapefruit
-some CYP3A4 interactions
-commonly taken in combination with ezetimibe (cholestero absorption inhibitor)

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18
Q

aspirin

A

Ecotrin

antiplatelet

-used for cardiovascular or cerebrovascular accident treatment/prophylaxis
-75-325mg PO daily
-increased risk of bleeding
-may cause hypersensitivity reactions in pts with allergic triad (eczema, asthma, allergic rhinitis)
-avoid in children due to risk of Reye syndrome

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19
Q

valsartan

A

Diovan

antihypertensive, angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB)

-black box warning in pregnancy
-may cause dizziness, hypotension, hyperkalemia (avoid salt substitutes + potassium sparing diuretics)
-may cause renal dysfunction, discontinue if serum creatinine increases >30%
-NSAIDs reduce antihypertensive effect and increase risk of renal dysfunction
-taking with ACE inhibitor or renin inhibitor increases side effects with little benefit

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20
Q

irbesartan

A

Avapro

antihypertensive, angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB)

-black box warning in pregnancy
-may cause dizziness, hypotension, hyperkalemia (avoid salt subs + potassium sparing diuretics)
-may cause renal dysfunction, discontinue if serum creatinine increases >30%
-NSAIDs reduce antihypertensive effects, increases risk of renal dysfunction
-taking with ACE inhibitor or renin inhibitor increases side effects with little benefit

21
Q

candesartan

A

Atacand

Antihypertensive, angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB)

-black box for pregnancy
-may cause dizziness, hypotension, hyperkalemia (avoid salt subs + potassium sparing diuretics)
-may cause renal dysfunction, discontinue if serum creatinine increases >30%
-NSAIDs reduce antihypertensive effect, increases risk of renal dysfunction
-taking with ACE inhibitor or renin inhibitor increase side effects with little benefit

22
Q

olmesartan

A

Benicar

antihypertensive, angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB)

-black box warning for pregnancy
-may cause dizziness, hypotension, hyperkalemia (avoid salt subs + potassium sparing diruetics)
-may cause renal dysfunction, discontinue if serum creatinine increases >30%
-NSAIDs reduces antihypertensive effect, increases risk of renal dysfunction
-taking with ACE inhibitor or renin inhibitor increase side effects with little benefit
-sprue-like enteropathy (unexplained weight loss and diarrhea)

23
Q

losartan potassium

A

Cozaar, Hyzaar

antihypertensive, angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB)

-black box warning in pregnancy
-may cause dizziness, hypotension, hyperkalemia (avoid salt subs + potassium sparing diuretics)
-may cause renal dysfunction, discontinue if serum creatinine increases >30%
-NSAIDs reduce antihypertensive effect, increases risk of renal dysfunction
-taking with ACE inhibitor or renin inhibitor increases side effects with little benefit

24
atenolol
Tenormin | beta block (beta-1 selective) ## Footnote -may cause drowsiness -masks symptoms of hypoglycemia -do not discontinue abruptly
25
metoprolol succinate
Toprol XL | beta blocker (beta-1 selective) ## Footnote -may cause drowsiness -masks symptoms of hypoglycemia -do not discontinue abruptly
26
metoprolol tartrate
Lopressor | beta blocker (beta-1 selective) ## Footnote -may cause drowsiness -masks symptoms of hypoglycemia -do not discontinue abruptly
27
bisprolol
Zebeta | -beta blocker (beta-1 selective) ## Footnote -may cause drowsiness -masks symptoms of hypoglycemia -do not discontinue abruptly due to risk of tachycardia and hypertension -has outcome data in heart failure -target dose of 10mg/day
27
propanolol
Inderal, Innopran | -beta blocker (nonselective) ## Footnote -may cause drowsiness -masks symptoms of hypoglycemia -do not discontinue abruptly -dose may be increased up to 30% when converting from IR to LA (long acting)
27
carvedilol
Coreg | beta blocker (nonselective), alpha-1 blocker ## Footnote -may cause drowsiness -masks symptoms of hypoglycemia -do not discontinue abruptly -10mg CR (controlled release) equivalent to 3.125mg BID IR
27
labetalol
Normodyne, Trandate | -beta blocker (nonselective), alpha-1 blocker ## Footnote -may cuase drowsiness -masks symptoms of hypoglycemia -do not discontinue abruptly
27
digoxin
Lanoxin, Lanoxicap | cardiac glycoside, positive inotropic, negative chronotropic ## Footnote -narrow therapeutic index -many drug interactions (calcium channel blockers, erythromycin, tetracycline, amiodarone, OTC antacids, hawthorne, black licorice, milk, large amounts of oatmeal/cereal) -digoxin toxicity (anorexia, nausea, fatigue, vision disturbances, bradycardia, arrhythmias)
28
amlodipine
Norvasc | dihydro calcium channel blocker ## Footnote -may cause drowsiness -risk of hypotension and orthostasis (drop in BP after suddenly standing/sitting up) -risk of peripheral edema (swelling in limbs) that is unresponsive to diuretics (may be relieved by ACEi or ARBs)
29
nifedipine
Procardia, Adalat CC | dihydro calcium channel blocker ## Footnote -may cause drowsiness -risk of peripheral edema unresponsive to diuretics (may used ACEi or ARBs) -Procardia and Adalat CC are not equivalent, have different drug delivery systems for nifedipine, make note while dispensing generics
30
dabigatran
Pradaxa | direct thrombin inhibitor (anticoagulant) ## Footnote -monitor for bleeding -may cause GI upset -store/dispense in original container and discard unused medication after 30 days after opening (drug will break down from moisture exposure) -do not crush/chew/open capsules -if missed dose, do not take double dose if more than 6 hours have passed -drug interactions with p-glycoprotein substrates (donedarone, ketoconazole, rifampin) -should be adjusted for kidney function -DC for surgery determined by creatinine clearance
30
potassium chloride
Klor-Con | electrolyte supplement ## Footnote -may cause GI upset -take with food -monitor salt intake
31
rivaroxaban
Xarelto | factor Xa inhibitor ## Footnote -monitor for bleeding -doses of 15mg or more must be taken with food -compliance is extremely important, but do not take double dose if missed -DC at least 24hrs prior to surgery -interactions with CYP3A4 substrates, but benefits outweight costs in some cases
32
apixaban
Eliquis | factor Xa inhibitor ## Footnote -monitor for bleeding -usually 5mg BID; dose of 2.5mg BID recommended for pts over 80 weighing no more than 60kg (132lbs), or have serum creatinine of at least 1.5mg/dL, or those receiving strong dual inhibitors of CYP450 3A4 and p-glycoprotein -black box warning for increased risk of stroke if DC -not indicated in patients with prosthetic heart valves
33
furosemide
Lasix | loop diuretic ## Footnote -may cause hypokalemia -mintor potassium levels and kidney function -watch salt intake -use PRN in congestive heart failure -hypersensitivity reaction may occur in those with sulfa allergy -Lasix = "lasts six hours"
34
enoxaparin
Lovenox | low molecular weight heparin ## Footnote -increased risk of bleeding -counsel on injection technique -often used when beginning warfarin to achieve goal INR (international normalized ratio, how long it takes blood to clot) more quickly -double check to make sure proper package size and quantity are being dispensed/billed
35
nitroglycerin SL
Nitrostat | nitroglycerin antianginal (vasodilator) ## Footnote -frequently causes dizziness + headache -if chest pain persists after first dose, take second dose within 5 mins -call 911 if symptoms persist after 2nd dose -store in OG container
35
isosorbide mononitrate
Imdur, ISMO | nitroglycerin antianginal (vasodilator) ## Footnote -causes dizziness + headache -dosed BID, but must be taken asymmetrically to prevent tolerance (e.g. @0800, @1400)
36
topical nitroglycerin
Nitro-Dur | nitroglyerin antianginal (vasodilator) ## Footnote -finish course as prescribed -apply patch for 12 hours on and 12 hours off
37
diltiazem
Cardizem | non-dihydro calcium channel blocker ## Footnote -may cause drowsiness, dizziness, headache -do not discontinue therapy without discussiong with MD -many formulations that may not be equivalent, double check when dispensing generics
38
verapamil
Calan | non-dihydro calcium channel blocker ## Footnote -may cause drowsiness, dizziness, headache, constipation -do not DC without discussing with MD
39
clopidogrel
Plavix | platelet inhibitor ## Footnote -monitor for bleeding -compliance extremely important -CYP2C19 inhibitors (e.g. omeprazole/esomeprazole) may greatly decrease efficacy -check with MD/RPh before starting new meds (Rx or OTC)
40
triamterene-HCTZ
Dyazide (caps), Maxzide (tabs) | potassium-sparing thiazide diuretic ## Footnote -take early in morning -monitor renal function, potassium levels, salt intake -do not use if renally impaired -risk of kidney stones, so drink plenty of fluids to reduce risk -should remain on caps/tabs unless MD changes
41
spironolactone
Aldactone | potassium-sparing diuretic ## Footnote -take early in morning -monitor renal function, potassium levels, salt intake -may cause gynecomastia in males, menstral irregularities in females (antiandrogenic properties) -evidence-based data for heart failure after MI (myocardial infarction) and resistant hypertension -combo with HCTZ may cause hypersensitivity reaction in those with sulfa allergy
42
indapamide
Lozol | thiazide diuretic ## Footnote -take early in morning -monitor renal function, potassium levels, salt intake -not to be used in severe renal impairment, but may be used in minimally impaired renal function -hypersensitivity reaction may occur in individuals with sulfa allergy
43
chlorthalidone
Thalidone | thiazide diuretic ## Footnote -take early in morning -monitor renal function, potassium levels, salt intake -do not use if renally impaired -hypersensitivity may occur in those with sulfa allergy -twice as potent as HCTZ
44
hydrochlorothiazide
Oretic, Microzide | thiazide diuretic ## Footnote -take early in morning -monitor renal function, potassium levels, salt intake -hypersensitivity may occur in those with sulfa allergy
45
metolazone
Zaroxolyn | thiazide diuretic ## Footnote -take early in morning -monitor renal function, electrolytes (especially potassium and magnesium), salt intake -hypersensitivity reaction may occur in individuals with sulfa allergy -often used in diuretic-resistant patients in combo with loop diuretics

Top 300 Drugs (6 decks)

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