Antibiotics, Antifungals Flashcards
metronidazole
oral
Flagyl
nitroimidazole antimicrobial
-finish course as directed
-avoid alcohol during + up to 2 days after therapy
-may cuase reddish-brown urine
-is antibacterial and antiprotazoal but will not work for viral infections
fluconazole
Diflucan
triazole antifungal
-finish course as directed
-headaches + GI upset
-QT prolongation
-increased risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulants metabolized by CYP450 2C9 + 2C19 enzymes (clopidogrel, warfarin, phenytoin)
ketoconazole
Nizoral
imidazole antifungal
-oral should be taken with food
-absorbed best in acidic conditions, so avoid antacids, PPIs, H2 inhibitors for 2 hours before and after
-CYP3A4 drug interactions
-topical formulation flammable
-potential for hepatotoxicity
nystatin
Nystop, Mycostatin
polyene antifungal
-swish and spit for oral candidiasis
-swish and swallow for esophageal candidiasis
terbinafine
Lamisil
allylamine antifungal
-finish as prescribed
-most commonly used topically, available OTC
acyclovir
Zovirax
deoxynucleoside analogue, antiviral
-used for treatment of genital herpes caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV) and other herpes viruses
-will not cure nor stop spread, just stops spread within body
-avoid intercourse during outbreaks
-possible renal impairment and CNS side effects in elderly
-interacts herpes zoster vaccine
-stay hydrated
-topical and oral formulations
valacyclovir
Valtrex
purine nucleoside analog, antiviral
-for treatment of infections (e.g. genital herpes, cold sores, shingles) caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV)
-avoid intercourse during outbreaks
-possible CNS side effects and renal impairment in elderly
-interacts with herpes zoster vaccine
-stay hydrated
cephalexin
Keflex
1st gen cephalosporin antibiotic
-finish as prescribed
-GI upset
-hypercensitivity if allergic to penicillin or other cephalosporins
-decreases absorption of oral contraceptives
cefuroximine axetil
Ceftin
2nd gen cephalosporin antibiotic
-finish as prescribed
-GI upset
-hypersensitivity may occur if allergic to penicillins or other cephalosporins
-may decrease absorption of oral contraceptives
cefdinir
Omnicef
3rd gen cephalosporin antibiotic
-finish as prescribed
-GI upset
-hypersensitivity may occur if allergic to penicillins or other cephalosporins
-may decrease absorption of oral contraceptives
ciprofloxacin
Cipro
fluoroquinolone antibiotic
-finish as prescribed
-monitor glucose, especially if diabetic; can cause hypoglycemia
-avoid taking within 2 hours of consuming foods with di/trivalent cations (e.g. milk, calcium antacids, multivitamins/supplements)
-sun sensitivity
-CNS side effects
-QTc prolongation
-black box for tendonitis/tendon rupture
levofloxacin
Levaquin
fluoroquinolone antibiotic
-finish as prescribed
-monitor glucose, especially if diabetic; can cause hypoglycemia
-avoid taking within 2 hours of consuming foods with di/trivalent cations (e.g. milk, calcium antacids, multivitamins/supplements)
-sun sensitivity
-CNS side effects
-QTc prolongation
-black box for tendonitis/tendon rupture
moxifloxacin
Avelox
fluoroquinolone antibiotic
-finish as prescribed
-monitor glucose, especially if diabetic; can cause hypoglycemia
-avoid taking within 2 hours of consuming foods with di/trivalent cations (e.g. milk, calcium antacids, multivitamins/supplements)
-sun sensitivity
-CNS side effects
-QTc prolongation
-black box for tendonitis/tendon rupture
azithromycin
Zithromax
macrolide antibiotic
-finish as prescribed
-no CYP3A4 inhibition
-possible QT prolongation
-refrigerate opthalmic formulation
clarithromycin
Biaxin
macrolide antibiotic
-finish as prescribed
-may taste metallic
-inhibits CYP3A4
-possible QT prolongation
clindamycin
Cleocin, Evoclin
lincomycin antibiotic
-oral therapy may cause c. diff-associated diarrhea
-suspension tastes horrible with little flavoring options
nitrofurantoin
Macrobid, Macrodantin, Furadantin
nitrofuran antibiotic
-take with food for better absorption
-may cause peripheral neuropathy or pulmonary fibrosis
amoxicillin
Amoxil
penicillin antibiotic
-finish as prescribed
-GI upset so take with food
-hypersensitivity reactions possible
-make decrease efficacy of oral contraceptives
-may cause vaginal yeast infections
-keep suspension refrigerated
amoxicillin-clavulanic acid
Augmentin
penicillin antibiotic
-finish course as prescribed
-GI upset so take with food
-may cause diarrhea due to clavulanate, stay hydrated
-keep suspension refrigerated
penicillin V potassium
Veetids, Pen-Vee K
penicillin antibiotic
-finish as prescribed
-may cause GI upset, take with food
-C. diff-associated diarrhea may occur
-hypersensitivity reactions possible
sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim
Bactrim, Septra
sulfonamide antibacterial
-finish as prescribed
-take with plenty of water
-increases sensitivity to sunlight
-increased risk of hypoglycemia if take with other sulfonylureas
-severe life-threatening skin reactions possible
doxycycline
Vibramycin, Doryx, Periostat
tetracycline antibiotic
-increases sensitivity to sunlight
-avoid taking within 2 hours of consuming foods with di/trivalent cations (e.g. milk, calcium antacids, multivitamins/supplements)
-hyclate and monohydrate salts not interchangeable
metronidazole
topical
Metrogel
nitroimidizole topical antibiotic
-use condoms during vaginal therapy
-drug absorbed systemically
-avoid alcohol consumption during and for 2 days after therapy
-can be used topically on face for rosacea
mupirocin
Bactroban
topical antibiotic
-mostly used in hospital to reduce risk of MRSA infection
-formally termed pseudomonic acid A
-inhibits bacterial protein and RNA synthesis
-only used topically because of rapid and extensive systemic metabolism
