Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

Malar flush - associated with?

A

Mitral stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Finger clubbing causes - CVD?

A
  • Infective endocarditis
  • Congenital cyanotic heart disease
  • Atrial myxoma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Collapsing pulse - caused by?

A

Normal physiology (fever, pregnancy)
Cardiac lesions (aortic regurgitation, patent ductus arterosis)
High output states (anaemia, AV fistula, thyrotoxicosis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Slow rising brachial pulse - associated with?

A

Aortic stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Bounding brachial pulse - associated with?

A

Aortic regurgitation
CO2 retention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Thready brachial pulse - associated with?

A

Intravascular hypovolaemia (in eg. sepsis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Narrow pulse pressure - causes?

A
  • Aortic stenosis
  • Congestive heart failure
  • Cardiac tamponade
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Wide pulse pressure - causes?

A
  • Aortic regurgitation
  • Aortic dissection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Causes of raised JVP - CVD?

A
  • Right sided heart failure
  • Tricuspid regurgitation
  • Constrictive pericarditis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

High arched palate - associated with?

A
  • Marfan syndrome -> mitral/aortic valve prolapse and aortic dissection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Heaves - associated with?

A

Right ventricular hypertrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How to accentuate aortic regurgitation?

A

Lean forward and listen with diaphragm during expiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Murmur of aortic regurgitation

A

Early diastolic murmur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How to accentuate mitral regurgitation?

A

Roll patient onto left side and listen over mitral area with diaphragm during expiration - continue into axilla to listen for radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Murmur of mitral regurgitation?

A

Pansystolic murmur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Accentuate for mitral stenosis?

A

With patient on left hand side listen over mitral area using bell during expiration

17
Q

Murmur of a mitral stenosis?

A

Mid-diastolic murmur

18
Q

Coarse crackles =?

A

Pulmonary oedema

19
Q

Ischaemic rubour?

A

A dusky red discolouration of the leg that typically develops when the limb is dependent

19
Q

How to perform burgers test?

A
  1. with patient supine - stand at bottom of bed and raise both legs to 45 degrees for 1-2 mins
  2. Observe for colour change in limb - if pallor occurs note which angle this is (burgers angle)
  3. Sit the patient up and ask them to hang their legs down over the side of the bed
20
Q

Further assessments at end of Peripheral vascular exam?

A
  • Blood pressure
  • Cardiovascular examination
  • ABPI measurement
  • Upper and lower neurological limb exam (if neurological deficit identified)
21
Q

Further assessments at end of cardiovascular exam?

A
  • Measure BP
  • Peripheral vascular exam
  • Record a 12 lead ECG
  • Dipstick urine (HTN)
  • Bedside cap glucose (CVD RF)
  • Fundoscopy (HTN)
22
Q

Characteristics of venous eczema?

A
  • Itchy red, blistered plaques
  • Atrophie blanche
  • Orange brown pigmentation patches
  • Lipodermatosclerosis
23
Q

What is atrophie blanche?

A
  • star-shaped ivory white depressed atrophic plaques with red dots within he scar
    -Due to haemosiderin deposition
24
What is lipodermatosclerosis?
- skin hardening (induration) - Hyperpigmentation - Erythema - Swelling - Inverted champagnebottle appearance
25
What is a saphena varix?
Dilation of the saphenous vein at its junction with the femoral vein in the groin
26
Where is a saphena varix?
Lump around 2-4cm inferior-lateral to the public tubercle
27
Where does the great saphenous vein run?
Medial side of leg
28
Where does the small saphenous vein run?
Posterior aspect of the leg
29
Causes of aortic stenosis?
Common: Degenerative calcification of aortic valve, bicuspid aortic valve Uncommon: Rheumatic heart disease, congenital heart disease
30
Investigations into aortic stenosis?
- ECG - CXR - Transthroacic echo - Coronary angiogram (in case bypass surgery required at same time of valve replacement