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Osce - Learn Bitch > Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

Malar flush - associated with?

A

Mitral stenosis

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2
Q

Finger clubbing causes - CVD?

A
  • Infective endocarditis
  • Congenital cyanotic heart disease
  • Atrial myxoma
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3
Q

Collapsing pulse - caused by?

A

Normal physiology (fever, pregnancy)
Cardiac lesions (aortic regurgitation, patent ductus arterosis)
High output states (anaemia, AV fistula, thyrotoxicosis)

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4
Q

Slow rising brachial pulse - associated with?

A

Aortic stenosis

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5
Q

Bounding brachial pulse - associated with?

A

Aortic regurgitation
CO2 retention

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6
Q

Thready brachial pulse - associated with?

A

Intravascular hypovolaemia (in eg. sepsis)

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7
Q

Narrow pulse pressure - causes?

A
  • Aortic stenosis
  • Congestive heart failure
  • Cardiac tamponade
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8
Q

Wide pulse pressure - causes?

A
  • Aortic regurgitation
  • Aortic dissection
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9
Q

Causes of raised JVP - CVD?

A
  • Right sided heart failure
  • Tricuspid regurgitation
  • Constrictive pericarditis
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10
Q

High arched palate - associated with?

A
  • Marfan syndrome -> mitral/aortic valve prolapse and aortic dissection
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11
Q

Heaves - associated with?

A

Right ventricular hypertrophy

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12
Q

How to accentuate aortic regurgitation?

A

Lean forward and listen with diaphragm during expiration

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13
Q

Murmur of aortic regurgitation

A

Early diastolic murmur

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14
Q

How to accentuate mitral regurgitation?

A

Roll patient onto left side and listen over mitral area with diaphragm during expiration - continue into axilla to listen for radiation

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15
Q

Murmur of mitral regurgitation?

A

Pansystolic murmur

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16
Q

Accentuate for mitral stenosis?

A

With patient on left hand side listen over mitral area using bell during expiration

17
Q

Murmur of a mitral stenosis?

A

Mid-diastolic murmur

18
Q

Coarse crackles =?

A

Pulmonary oedema

19
Q

Ischaemic rubour?

A

A dusky red discolouration of the leg that typically develops when the limb is dependent

19
Q

How to perform burgers test?

A
  1. with patient supine - stand at bottom of bed and raise both legs to 45 degrees for 1-2 mins
  2. Observe for colour change in limb - if pallor occurs note which angle this is (burgers angle)
  3. Sit the patient up and ask them to hang their legs down over the side of the bed
20
Q

Further assessments at end of Peripheral vascular exam?

A
  • Blood pressure
  • Cardiovascular examination
  • ABPI measurement
  • Upper and lower neurological limb exam (if neurological deficit identified)
21
Q

Further assessments at end of cardiovascular exam?

A
  • Measure BP
  • Peripheral vascular exam
  • Record a 12 lead ECG
  • Dipstick urine (HTN)
  • Bedside cap glucose (CVD RF)
  • Fundoscopy (HTN)
22
Q

Characteristics of venous eczema?

A
  • Itchy red, blistered plaques
  • Atrophie blanche
  • Orange brown pigmentation patches
  • Lipodermatosclerosis
23
Q

What is atrophie blanche?

A
  • star-shaped ivory white depressed atrophic plaques with red dots within he scar
    -Due to haemosiderin deposition
24
Q

What is lipodermatosclerosis?

A
  • skin hardening (induration)
  • Hyperpigmentation
  • Erythema
  • Swelling
  • Inverted champagnebottle appearance
25
Q

What is a saphena varix?

A

Dilation of the saphenous vein at its junction with the femoral vein in the groin

26
Q

Where is a saphena varix?

A

Lump around 2-4cm inferior-lateral to the public tubercle

27
Q

Where does the great saphenous vein run?

A

Medial side of leg

28
Q

Where does the small saphenous vein run?

A

Posterior aspect of the leg

29
Q

Causes of aortic stenosis?

A

Common: Degenerative calcification of aortic valve, bicuspid aortic valve
Uncommon: Rheumatic heart disease, congenital heart disease

30
Q

Investigations into aortic stenosis?

A
  • ECG
  • CXR
  • Transthroacic echo
  • Coronary angiogram (in case bypass surgery required at same time of valve replacement

Osce - Learn Bitch (7 decks)

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