Cardiovascular

Question 1

What is the pericardium?

Answer 1

The pericardium is a thin sac composed of several layers that surrounds the haert

Question 2

A nurse is teaching a client who has a new diagnosis of atrial fibrillation. The nurse should instruct the client to monitor for which of the following complications?

Answer 2

Pulmonary Embolism

Question 3

A nurse is preparing to auscultate heart sounds after repositioning the client on the left sides. What heart sounds are the nurse anticipating for?

Answer 3

S3 and S4 heart sounds are more easilly heard after a patient has been repositions on their left side

Question 4

If a nurse is palpating to find unexpected pulsations in the pulmonic area, where would they place their fingers?

Answer 4

The left second intercostal space

Question 5

If a nurse is planning to assess for heaves, where should the nurse palpate?

Answer 5

Pulsations or heaves palpated at the right sternal border in the second intercostal space are associated with systemic hypertension

Question 6

How are S2 heart sounds produced?

Answer 6

S2 sounds result from the closure of the semilunar valves

Question 7

If a patient is suffering from left sided heart failure, what manifestations are to be expected?

Answer 7

Hacking cough is a manifestation of left-sided heart failure

Question 8

In a patient with a history of rheumatic fever, diastolic murmur is heard in the apical area. What diagnosis should the nurse expect?

Answer 8

Murmur is associated with mitral stenosis, best heard with the bell of the stethoscope. Usually caused by rheumatic fever or cardiac infection.

Question 9

A nurse auscultates a S3 heart sound. What heart condition does this represent?

Answer 9

S3 sounds represent ventricular gallop. This is when blood rushes into a ventricle that is stiff or dilated

Question 10

Which layer of the heart is most affected in a patient that is suffering from rheumatic fever?

Answer 10

endocardium

Question 11

What heart sound should a nurse anticipate when assessing a patient with hyperthyroidism?

Answer 11

Cardiac Bruit

Question 12

What are considered to be “normal” heart sounds?

Answer 12

S1 and S2 heart sounds (LUB) (DUB)

Question 13

What are some manifestations of arterial disease?

Answer 13

calm, cold, hairless skin with pallor on elevation. Sharp stabbing pain relieved by lowering feet. Painful ulcers are found on the heel toes and dorsum of the foot. Pulse diminished

Question 14

What are some manifestations of venous disease?

Answer 14

warm, tough, thickened skin. Aching cramping pain relieved by elevating. moderately painful ulcers found on the medial aspect of the ankle. pulse is usually present. Edema frequent

Question 15

A nurse is looking at a patient with hypokalemia’s EKG. What are some expected findings?

Answer 15

long QU interval, prominent U waves

Question 16

What can a nurse expect to find on a patient’s EKG if they have hyperkalemia?

Answer 16

peaked T waves

Question 17

What would a nurse expect to find on a patient’s EKG if they have hypocalcemia?

Answer 17

QT prolongation

Question 18

What would a nurse expect to find on a patient’s EKG if they have hypercalcemia?

Answer 18

shortening of the ST segment

Question 19

A nurse asks when it would be expected to auscultate S2 sounds that are louder than S1. How would you respond?

Answer 19

In the aortic and pulmonic area (first two points when auscultating anterior chest for heart sounds)

Question 20

A nurse asks when it should be expected to auscultate S1 and S2 sounds at the same volume. How should you respond?

Answer 20

At Erb’s point (left third intercostal space)

Question 21

A nurse asks when it should be expected to auscultate S1 sounds that are louder than S2 sounds. How should you respond?

Answer 21

At both the tricuspid and the apex area of the heart. (The last two points to check when assessing heart sounds)

Question 22

Which points of the heart can be auscultated with the diaphragm of your stethoscope?

Answer 22

Aortic, pulmonary, and tricuspid

Question 23

Which points of the heart can be auscultated with the bell of the stethoscope?

Answer 23

Mitral and tricuspid