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Pharmacology - Clinical Sciences > Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

Which drug has this MOA?
Drug x stimulates alpha-2 receptors in the brain stem resulting in reduced sympathetic outflow: reduced NE, other neurotransmitters, resulting in decr in vasoconstriction and cardiac output and heart rate. This drug does not alter normal hemodynamic response to exercise at recommended doses.

A) Clonidine
B) Atenolol
C) Valsartan
D) hydrochlorothiazide

A

A) Clonidine

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2
Q

Which drug competitively blocks Beta1 receptors without an effect on Beta2 receptors. It blocks the sympathetic NS catecholamines (NE and E), resulting in reduced renin and aldosterone release and fluid balance. This leads to reduced resting and exercise-induced heart rate and myocardial contractility via reduced velocity of impulse conduction through AV node.

A) Propanolol
B) Atenolol
C) Valsartan
D) Digoxin

A

B) Atenolol

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3
Q

Drug x has a positive inotropic activity. N+, K+ -ATPase inhibition prevents K+ being pumped into the cell, and Na+ out of the cell, resulting in increased intracellular Na+ suppressing Na+-Ca2+ exchanger, leading to decreased Na+ influx and Ca2+ efflux, where Ca2+ accumulating inside the cell (enhancing contractility). This cardiac glycoside increases parasympathetic outflow at SA and AV nodes, leading to decr heart rate

A) Valsartan
B) Gemfibrozil
C) Digoxin
D) Clonidine

A

C) Digoxin

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4
Q

Drug x blocks angiotensin II receptors, preventing aldosterone production, decreasing peripheral vascular resistance and effective circulating volume in the body.

A) Valsartan
B) Lisinopril
C) Spironolactone
D) Furosemide

A

A) Valsartan (ARB)

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5
Q

Drug x competitively inhibits HMG-CoA reductase (catalyzed first step in cholesterol synthesis in liver, converts HMG-CoA –> mevalonic acid). Causes increase in [LDL receptors] on hepatocytes (end result: incr HDL-C, decr LDL-C, decr total cholesterol, decr TGs)

A) Furosemide
B) Amiodarone
C) Gemfibrozil
D) Atorvastatin

A

D) Atorvastatin

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6
Q

Drug x blocks K+, Na+, Ca2+ channels and adrenergic beta-receptors; prolongs cardiac repolarization: increases refractory period of atrial and ventricular tissue; slows heart rate; increases PR and QT intervals.

A) Spironolactone
B) Atenolol
C) Amiodarone
D) Clonidine

A

C) Amiodarone

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7
Q

Drug x is converted to nitric oxide by vascular endothelium. Which second messenger system does drug x use?

A) tyrosine kinase; adenylate cyclase, cAMP
B) IP3, DAG
C) guanylate cyclase, cGMP

A

Nitroglycerin; guanylate cyclase, cGMP

GC incr cGMP, which decr intracellular calcium, resulting in relaxation of vascular smooth muscle.

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8
Q

Drug x stimulates lipoprotein lipase, an enzyme that breaks down triglycerides into VLDL and chylomicrons, which are then removed from circulation. This drug has also been implicated in decreasing hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis

A) Spironolactone
B) Atrovostatin
C) Valsartan
D) Gemfibrozil

A

D) Gemfibrozil

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9
Q

Drug x competitively blocks Beta1 and Beta2 receptors, decreasing heart rate and contractility, and increasing respiratory smooth muscle resulting in bronchoconstriction, respectively.

A) Lisinopril
B) Propanolol
C) Atenolol
D) Valsartan

A

B) Propanolol

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10
Q

Drug x competitively inhibits Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) which converts angiotensin 1 to Ang 2 (potent vasoconstrictor). This increases plasma renin activity and reduces aldosterone secretion.

A) Spironolactone
B) Lisinopril
C) Atenolol
D) Valsartan

A

B) Lisinopril

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11
Q

Drug x inhibits reabsorption of sodium and chloride (in the medullary portion of ascending loop of Henle), causing excretion of water, calcium, magnesium, sodium, chloride, potassium, ammonia: while uric acid excretion is reduced. This increases plasma renin, secondary hyperaldosteronism may result. Reduced BP in hypertensive and normotensives

A) Hydrochlorothiazide
B) Furosemide
C) Spironolactone
D) Valsartan

A

B) Furosemide

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12
Q

Drug x blocks voltage-gated calcium channels of cardiac and vascular smooth muscle, inhibiting flow of calcium into cells. Result: decr muscle contraction with resulting peripheral vasodilation and Decr myocardial contractility

A) Valsartan
B) Digoxin
C) Amlodipine
D) Furosemide

A

C) Amlodipine (CCB)

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13
Q

Drug x inhibits NaCl transporter in distal tubule; increases excretion of Na+, K+, Cl-; decreases Ca2+ excretion in persons with Ca2+ type kidney stones.

A) Furosemide
B) Hydrochlorothiazide
C) Amlodipine
D) Atrovastatin

A

B) Hydrochlorothiazide

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14
Q

Drug x adverse effects include: dizziness (most common); H/A, fatigue, cough, URTI; dry persistent and nonproductive cough; rash; chest pain; orthostatic effects; hypotension, hyperkalemia; increased serum creatinine (Decr GFR); teratogenic (may cause fetal renal damage if used in pregnancy). Potentially fatal: severe hypotension, angioedema, liver failure.

A) Amlodipine
B) Atenolol
C) Clondine
D) Lisinopril/Captopril

A

D) Lisinopril/Captopril

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15
Q

Which drug is indicated for clinical use in: Hypertension, CHF, Edema (Dt CHF/hepatic cirrhosis esp with high levels of aldosterone), Low plasma levels of potassium (hypokalemia), primary hyperaldosteronism.

A) Valsartan
B) Atorvastatin
C) Spironolactone
D) Gemfibrozil

A

C) Spironolactone

HELP fight against aldosterone

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16
Q

Which drug is indicated for clinical use in: hypertension, Prinzmetal’s angina, stable angina. Off-label use: Raynaud phenomenon.

A) Amlodipine
B) Atenolol
C) Propanolol
D) Lisinopril

A

A) Amlodipine

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17
Q

Which drug is indicated for clinical use for:
Edema-related: acute pulmonary edema, congestive heart failure, acute renal failure, nephrotic syndrome, hepatic cirrhosis, edema (first drug of choice for this).
Electrolyte- or drug- related: hyperkalemia, acute hypercalcemia

A) Valsartan
B) Spironolactone
C) Furosemide
D) Hydrochlorothiazide

A

C) Furosemide

18
Q

Most common adverse effects of drug x include: hypotension, dizziness, headache. Least common AEs include: hyponatremia, hypochloremia, hypotension, volume depletion, hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, hypercalcemia, hypomagnesemia, hyperuricemia and gout, hyperglycemia, (decr glucose tolerance), hypersensitivity(sulfonamide-based), photosensitivity with the sun.

A) Clonidine
B) Spironolactone
C) Furosemide
D) Hydrochlorothiazide

A

D) Hydrochlorothiazide

19
Q

This drug is indicated for clinical use of hypertension, heart failure in patients intolerant to ACEi. Used to reduce CV death in stable patients after MI with left ventricular failure or dysfunction.

A) Atenolol
B) Amiodarone
C) Valsartan
D) Atorvastatin

A

C) Valsartan

20
Q

For clinical use in angina pectoris (chronic); hypertension; to reduce CV mortality rate and risk of reinfarction in pts with acute MI. Off-label: cardiac dysrhythmia, migraine prophylaxis.

A) Lisinopril
B) Atenolol
C) Valsartan
D) Popanolol

A

B) Atenolol

21
Q

For clinical use in supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias, ventricular tachycardia, atrial fibrillation.

A) beta-blockers
B) Propanolol
C) Lisinopril
D) Amiodarone

A

D) Amiodarone

22
Q

For clinical use in hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia; primary and secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular events.

A) Dogoxin
B) Valsartan
C) Gemfibrozil
D) Atorvastatin

A

D) Atorvastatin

23
Q

What drug has the following adverse effects: Bradycardia, Bronchospasm, sadness(depression); Blood vessel spasms leading to increased peripheral vascular disease; Blunted manifestations of hypoglycemia in diabetics, sexual dysfunction(impotence).

A) Clonidine
B) Lisinopril
C) Atenolol
D) Porpanolol

A

D) Propanolol

24
Q

What drug has the following adverse effects: rebound hypertension, bradycardia, sedation. Constipation, dry mouth, N/V. Pruritus and dermatitis with transdermal patch. Anxiety, somnolence, confusion, drowsiness, dizziness, fatigue, headache, vivid dreams.

A) Valsartan
B) Atorvastatin
C) Nitroglycerine
D) Clonidine

A

D) Clonidine

25
Q

What drug has the following adverse effects: Gallstones dt increased cholesterol in bile; GI upsets(most common side effects); Elevated liver enzymes; Enhanced action of oral anticoagulants; Myositis (<1%) and even rhabdomyolysis (rare)-the incr risk is concurrently with statins.

A) Amlodipine
B) Valsartan
C) Atorvastatin
D) Gemfibrozil

A

D) Gemfibrozil

The GEMstone is made in Brazil

26
Q

For clinical use in left ventricular systole heart failure, atrial flutter (2nd line of choice for decreasing ventricular rate). Off-label use: fetal tacycardia, supraventricular tachycardia.

A) Amlodipine
B) Digoxin
C) Atenolol
D) Lisinopril

A

B) Digoxin

27
Q

What drug has the following adverse effects:
GI disturbances: anorexia, N/V, diarrhea
Arrhythmias: AV nodal block, ventricular fibrillation
Increased toxicity by hypokalemia
neurological: headache, fatigue, confusion, blurred or yellow vision

A) Spironolactone
B) Propanolol
C) Amiodarone
D) Digoxin

A

D) Digoxin

GAIN of power from the OX

28
Q

For clinical use in: prevention of angina pectoris due to coronary artery disease; refractory CHF, hypertensive emergencies.

A) Propanolol
B) Atenolol
C) Nitroglycerin
D) Amlodipine

A

C) Nitroglycerin

29
Q

Adverse effects:
Hepatic enzymes elevations and dysfunction. Hypersensitivity (rare)
Myositis, and rhabdoMyolysis: Increased risk by p450 inhibitors. rhabdoMyolysis and tendon rupture is rare (<1%).
Maternal use should be avoided

A) Valsartan
B) Spironolactone
C) Atorvastatin
D) Gemfibrozil

A

C) Atorvastatin

HeMostat may also pinch Hepatic tissue and Muscle

30
Q

Adverse effects:
Pulmonary fibrosis, photosensitivity
Heart block, decr heart rate, hypotension
Hypo- or hyperthyroidism
Hepatotoxicity ( incr AST, ALT enzymes
Deposits in cornea (microdeposits) and skin (photosensitivity blue-gray discolouration)

A) Hydrochlorothiazide
B) Gemfibrozil
C) Valsartan
D) Amiodarone

A

D) Amiodarone

PHD

31
Q

Adverse effects: H/A (may be severe; most commonly reported AE), low blood pressure, reflex tachycardia, transient loss of consciousness

A) Popanolol
B) Atenolol
C) Nitroglycerine
D) Amlodipine

A

C) Nitroglycerin

32
Q

Adverse effects:
Most common are tiredness, hypotension, bradyarrythmia, cold extremities

A) Valsartan
B) Atenolol
C) Clonidine
D) Propanolol

A

B) Atenolol

33
Q

Clinical use: elevated cholesterol. This class act to decrease TGs levels, also mildly decrease LDL and increase HDL. Indicated for coronary arteriosclerosis And prophylaxis-familial combined hyperlipidemia.

A) Clonidine
B) Valsartan
C) Gemfibrozil
D) Atorvastatin

A

C) Gemfibrozil

34
Q

Clinical uses: Essential, renal and malignant hypertension. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (extended release only) in children > 6 yo. Off-label: hot sweats, nicotine dependence.

A) Amlodipine
B) Propanolol
C) Clonidine
D) Valsartan

A

C) Clonidine

35
Q

Clinical use: angina, hypertension, post-MI, prevention of migraine, off-label use for anxiety.

A) Valsartan
B) Spironolactone
C) Propanolol
D) Atenolol

A

C) Propanolol

36
Q

Adverse effects: Dizziness and incr BUN (most common) hyperkalemia, hypotension.

Hyperkalemia= confusion, body weakness, uneven heartbeat, numbness and tingling in fingers and toes.

A) Spironolactone
B) Clonidine
C) Valsartan
D) Atenolol

A

C) Valsartan

37
Q

Adverse effects: hyperuricemia, hypokalemia (2 most common AEs), metabolic acidosis, hypomagnesemia, hypocalcemia, hyponatremia, ototoxicity (dose related and reversible). Allergic reactions in pts with sulfa allergy. Increased risk of sun sensitivity.

A) Amlodipine
B) Furosemide
C) Atenolol
D) Amiodarone

A

B) Furosemide

38
Q

Adverse effects: peripheral edema (most common), headache, hypotension, dizziness.

A) Atorvastatin
B) Propanolol
C) Atenolol
D) Amlodipine

A

D) Amlodipine

39
Q

Adverse effects: gynecomastia, impotence (males) and irregular menses; hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis, gastric distress, and even peptic ulcers.

A) Amlodipine
B) Atenolol
C) Spironolactone
D) Atorvastatin

A

C) Spironolactone

40
Q

Clinical use:
Hypertension, CHF
Edema (cardiogenic, nephrogenic, hepatogenic)
Nephrolithiasis (calcium), osteoporosis in pts with hypercalciuria
Nephrogenic Diabetes insipidus (decr polyuria)

A) Valsartan
B) Hydrochlorothiazide
C) Furosemide
D) Spironolactone

A

B) Hydrochlorothiazide

HEN has a big THIgh

41
Q

Clinical use: hypertension, CHF; tx and prevention of diabetic nephropathy. Has been shown to decr mortality in hemodynamically stable pts within 24 hrs of an acute MI to improve survival

A) Amlodipine
B) Lisinopril
C) Propanolol
D) Atenolol

A

B) Lisinopril

Pharmacology - Clinical Sciences (3 decks)

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