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Pharm- Exam 3 > Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

What is the prototype for Direct Renin Inhibitor

A

Aliskiren

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2
Q

In what patient is DRI contraindicated?

A

Diabetics taking ARBs and Pregnant Patients

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3
Q

What is Aliskiren typically prescribed for?

A

patients with hypertension

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4
Q

When giving a patient Aliskiren in pellets what is important patient education

A

do NOT crush or chew

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5
Q

What lab values should be monitored when a patient is taking Aliskiren

A

Sodium and Potassium levels

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6
Q

Whats the major adverse effects when taking Aliskiren

A
  • Hypotension
    -Angioedma
  • Hyperkalemia
    -Hyponatremia
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7
Q

What the major adverse effects when taking Aliskiren

A
  • Hypotension
    -Angioedma
  • Hyperkalemia
    -Hyponatremia
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8
Q

What is the MOA of an ACE inhibitor

A

Blocks angiotensin 1 from converting into angiotensin 2 causing vasodilation. Blockage of aldosterone causing sodium and water excretion

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9
Q

Which patients would likely be presecribed ACE inhibtors

A

Hypertension
Heart Failure
Diabetic Neuropathy

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10
Q

In what patient is ACE inhibtors contradicted in and what is their black box warning

A

Pregnant patients
Can cause fetal harm or death

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11
Q

What is ACE inhibitors prototype?

A

Captopril

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12
Q

Adverse side effects of captopril?

A

Cough
Neutropenia
Proteinuria (protein in urine)
Angioedema

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13
Q

What kind of toxicity can come from ACE inhibitors?

A

Lithium toxicity

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14
Q

What is the MOA of angiotensin II receptor blocker

A

Block angiotensin II produce vasodilation and vascular resistance

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15
Q

In what patients would you administer ARB’s?

A

Diabetics for neuropathy and patients wiht hypertension

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16
Q

A patient taking ARB’s must do what before stopping this medication?

A

Receive permission from their provider

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17
Q

ARBS black box warning

A

No indicated to use during pregnancy

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18
Q

What is ARBS prototype

A

Losartan

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19
Q

What adverse side effects can losatran cause ?

A

Hypotension
Hyperkalemia
Protienuria

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20
Q

What is aldostrone antagonist MOA

A

Blocks receptors for aldestrone

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21
Q

In what case would you administer Epleronone

A

Heart failure and hypertension

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22
Q

What is Aldosterone antagonist prototype

A

Eplerenone

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23
Q

In what situation Aldosterone antagonist be given?

A

Heart failure and hypertension

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24
Q

After giving captopril what theraputic effects will you expect to see?

A

Dcresed BP and fluid volume

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25
Q

What is Beta 1 antagonist prototype

A

Metoprolol

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26
Q

Before administering metoprolol what must be checked

A

apical pulse rate , must be greater than 60

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27
Q

MOA of beta I blocker and what a higher dose can cause

A

Beta I receptors in the heart and will affect beta two receptors in the lungs in high doses

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28
Q

After giving metoprolol what effects do you expect to see?

A

Decreased HR and decreased BP

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29
Q

Adverse side effects of metoprolol

A

hypotension and worsening heart failure

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30
Q

What is the MOA for calcium channel blockers

A

slow influx of calcium ions in the heart, relaxing smooth muscle to cause vasodilation

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31
Q

In what patients would you consider administering calcium channel blockers

A

patients experiencing tachycardia, dyrthimias, hypertension and angina

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32
Q

A patient taking a Diltiazem should follow what medication regimen?

A

Take at the same time daily

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33
Q

In what ways can Diltiazem be administered?

A

PO,IV

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34
Q

After giving Diltiazem what effects do you want to see in your patient?

A

The reduced workload of heart(heart slows down_)
Increase perfusion to the heart

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35
Q

Adverse affects of Diltiazem? (4)

A

Worsening first degree heart block
Worsening heart failure
Syncope
Edema

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36
Q

What patients would benefit from alpha 2 agonist

A

Hypertension , and ADHD

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37
Q

MOA of alpha 2 agonist

A

vasodilation causing decreased BP , increased blood flow to kidneys , and decreased afterload

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38
Q

Patients taking Clonidine should aviod ?

A

Alcohol and other CNS depressants

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39
Q

A patient who stops clonidine abruptly may experience what?

A

Rebound hypertension

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40
Q

What adverse side effects are seen with Clonidine

A

sedation and rebound hypertension

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41
Q

Alpha 2 agonist prototype?

A

Clonidine

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42
Q

What is the prototype for vasodilators ?

A

Hydralazine

43
Q

MOA for hydralazine?

A

UNKNOWN

44
Q

What would you administer hydralazine for ?

A

In patients with hypertension

45
Q

Hydralazine can cause what other health issues?

A

Autoimmue SLE(LUPUS)

46
Q

What should patients be aware of while taking hydralazine?

A

Monitor weight , asses for edma

47
Q

Adverse effects of hydralazine

A

Nasal congestion, disorentation ,tremors/tingling

48
Q

After taking hydralazine what do you want to see in your patient?

A

decrease peripheral vascular resistance and decreased cardiac workload

49
Q

What is the prototype for Antianginal nitrates

A

Nitroglycerin

50
Q

What would you educate your patient on prior to administering nitroglycerine

A

-Do NOT smoke while taking this medication
-Sit down while taking this medication
- Store in a dark air tight container
-DO NOT crush or chew this medication

51
Q

What is the MOA of nitroglycerin?

A

Vasodilation and relaxation of smooth muscle to decrease the demand of the heart.

52
Q

Why would a patient take nitroglycerin?

A

To relieve pain related to stable angina

53
Q

How much nitroglycerine can a patient take in a 5 minute span?

A

3 SL every 5 minutes

54
Q

What adverse side effect would you see in patient who is taking nitroglycerine

A

hypotension, palpations, headache

55
Q

What is the prototype for Cardiac Glycoside

A

Digoxin

56
Q

What is the patient teaching you would give before administering digoxin

A

s/s of digoxin toxicity, vison changes and pulse monitoring

57
Q

What adverse side effects would you see in a patient taking digoxin

A

Bradycardia, Arrhythmia and gynecomastia

58
Q

A patient experiencing afib or heart failure is most likely to be given what medication?

A

Digoxin

59
Q

MOA of digoxin

A

influx of calcium into cardiac cells causing muscles to contract more effectively

60
Q

What medication causes the force of the heartbeat to increase while decreasing the heart rate

A

Digoxin

61
Q

In what population is antilipemic contraindicated?

A

Pregnant and breast feeding people

62
Q

What is the HMG-Coa Inhibitor prototype?

A

Atovastatin (Lipitor)

63
Q

What food item is not permitted while taking atrovastatin ?

A

grapefruits

64
Q

What can both Ezetimibe and Atorvastatin cause?

A

Muscle spams ( rhabdomyolysis , myalgia)

65
Q

What medication works in liver to reduces cholesterol synthesis reducing LDL cholesterol and inhibits HMG-CoA ?

A

Atorvastatin

66
Q

What medication blocks the absorption of cholesterol in the small intestines

A

Ezetimibe

67
Q

What medication(s) reduce LDL and treat hyperlipidemia

A

Atrovastatin and Ezetimibe

68
Q

What food is not permitted while taking Ezetimibe

A

grapefruit

69
Q

What diuretic is typically given to patients with heart failure as a maintenance medication?

A

Spironolactone (Potassium Sparing Diuretic )

70
Q

Which diuretic can cause HYPERkalemia

A

Spironolactone

71
Q

MOA for furosemide(lasix)

A

LOOP diuretic inhibiting absorption of Na and Cl in the loop of henie

72
Q

What diuretic can cause ototoxicity

A

furosemide (lasix)

73
Q

MOA for hydrochlorothiazide ?

A

promotes excretion of Na and water near the distal tubal

74
Q

What is the prototype for Thiazide Diuretic

A

Hydrochlorothiazide

75
Q

What diuretic can cause photosensitivity and not recommended for patients with anuria?

A

Hydrochlorothiazide

76
Q

What diuretic improves pulmonary function in cystic fibrosis patient

A

Mannitol

77
Q

Which diuretic is intended to reduce intracranial pressure and intraocular pressure

A

Mannitol

78
Q

what brain injury can Mannitol NOT treat?

A

brain bleed

79
Q

MOA for mannitol?

A

Elevates plasma osmolality causing water to flow FROM the brain

80
Q

what is osmotic diuretics prototype

A

Mannitol

81
Q

What do anti-arrhythmic do?

A

treat irregular heartbeats

82
Q

Which anti-arrhythmic is a calcium channel blocker?

A

Diltiazem

83
Q

A patient experiencing superventricular tachycardia is likely to be administered what medication?

A

Diltiazem

84
Q

Diltiazem can cause what adverse effects?

A

The NEGATIVE inotropic effect? (decreasing the heart force), Worsen AV heart block

85
Q

MOA of Diltiazem?

A

slowing the influx of calcium

86
Q

what anti-arrhythmic is not permitted for patients who have had a MI 2nd or 3rd-degree heart block or sick sinus syndrome?

A

Diltiazem

87
Q

Which anti-arrhythmic is the potassium channel blocker?

A

Amiodarone

88
Q

MOA for Amiodarone

A

blocking potassium channels in cardiac cells

89
Q

which anti-arrhythmic black box warning is pulmonary exacerbation , liver injury and heart block

A

Amiodarone -

90
Q

which anti-arrhythmic is not indicated for pregnant women?

A

Amiodarone

91
Q

what is sotalol black box warning?

A

can cause arrhythmias

92
Q

which anti-arrhythmic MOA is to prolong the cardiac action potential?

A

Sotalol

93
Q

What pt education is important before administering sotalol?

A

Can mask hypoglycemia and increasing cold sensitivity

94
Q

a patient with a history of thrombocytopenia and myasthenia gravis should avoid what anti-arrhythmic?

A

Quinidine

95
Q

which anti-arrhythmic is as sodium channel blocker?

A

Quinidine

96
Q

MOA of quinidine

A

Slows conduction and prolongs depolarization by decreasing sodium influx

97
Q

Adverse side-effect of Quinidine

A

Prolong QT interval and ventricular arrhythmia

98
Q

how is adenosine given and what kind of situation would you use it in?

A

given bolus for EMERGENCY situations

99
Q

which anti-arrhythmic slows conduction through AV node and restores sinus rhythm

A

Adenosine

100
Q

a patient may experience extreme discomfort during the administration of what anti-arrhythmic medication?

A

Adenosine

101
Q

Adverse side effects of Adenosine?

A

Prolong asystole

102
Q

which anti-arrhythmic may cause a cease in the EKG for a few seconds?

A

Adenosine

103
Q

what medication can affect other CYP450 inhibitors ?

A

Eplerenone

Pharm- Exam 3 (3 decks)

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