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Pharmacology > Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

Drugs that affect the FORCE of myocardial contraction.

A

Inotropic drugs

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2
Q

Drugs that affect the rate of formation of impulse in SA node.

A

Chronotropic drugs

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3
Q

Drugs that affect the speed of conduction of impulse through myocardium.

A

Dromotropic drugs

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4
Q

Drugs that are used to suppress abnormal rhythms of the heart.

A

Antiarrhythmic drugs

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5
Q

Drugs that dilates arteries and/or veins to improve cardiac output.

A

Vasodilators

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6
Q

Agents that have both vasodilators and positive inotropic properties

A

Inodilators

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7
Q

Inotropic Drugs groups

A
  1. Cardiac Glycosides
  2. Sympathomimetics
  3. Bypyridine derivative (Inodilators)
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8
Q

Drugs under Cardiac Glycosides

A
  1. Digoxin
  2. Digitoxin
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9
Q

Drugs under sympathomimetics inotropic drugs

A
  1. Epinephrine
  2. Isoproterenol
  3. Dopamine
  4. Dobutamine
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10
Q

Common inodilator

A

Pimobendan

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11
Q

Drugs under ACE inhibitors

A
  1. Enalapril
  2. Captopril
  3. Benazepril
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12
Q

Give 4 other Vasodilators

A
  1. Prazosin
  2. Hydralazine
  3. Nitrovasodilators
  4. Calcium blockers
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13
Q

Class 1 Anti-arrhythmic drugs
(Sodium Channel Blockers)

A
  1. Subclass 1a
    -Quinidine
    -Procainamide
    -Disopyroramide
  2. Subclass 1b
    -Lidocaine
    -Phenytoin
    -Tocainude
    -Maxiletin
    -Aprindin
  3. Subclass 1c
    -Encainamide
    -Lorcainude
    -Flecainide
    -Profenone
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14
Q

Class 2 Anti-arrhythmic Drugs

A

Beta Adrenergic Blockers

  1. Propanolol
  2. Pindololand
  3. Timolol
  4. Metoprolol
  5. Alprenolol
  6. Sotalol
  7. Esmolol
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15
Q

Class 3 Anti-arrhythmic Drugs

A

(Potassium Channel Blockers)

  1. Bretylium
  2. Amiodarone
  3. Sotalol
  4. Dofetilide
  5. Ibutilide
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16
Q

Class 4 Anti-arrhythmic Drugs

A

Calcium Channel Blockers

  1. Verapamil
  2. Diltiazem
  3. Bepridil
  4. Nifedipine
  5. Amlodipine
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17
Q

Phase 4

A

Resting Membrane Potential

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18
Q

Phase 0

A

Rapid Depolarization

Note: Inward of Na+

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19
Q

Phase 1

A

Initial repolarization

Note: Outward K+

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20
Q

Phase 2

A

Plateau phase

Note:
- Delayed repolarization
- Inward of Ca+ (L-type Channels)

*Not found in pacemaker action potential

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21
Q

Phase 3

A

Repolarization phase

Note:
-Open K+ channels
-Inactive Ca+ Channels

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22
Q

Slow Response Action Potential

A

Pacemaker Action Potential
(SA and AV node)

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23
Q

Cardiac Glycosides are drugs derive from what species?

A

Purple Fox Gloves plant species
Digitalis purpurea

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24
Q

MOA of Cardiac Glycosides as Cardiovascular drug

A

Reversibly bind to the alpha subunits of the Na+ K+ ATPase pump

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25
T/F Ouabain can be given orally.
False It is given only by injection
26
Drugs for Congestive Heart Failure
Cardiac Glycosides
27
T/F Cardiac Glycosides has low margin of safety.
True
28
Conditions that may lead CHF.
1. Cardiomyopathy 2. Hypertension 3. Valvular Disease
29
Drug of choice for Supraventricular arrhythmia with concurrent heart failure
Cardiac Glycosides
30
Most toxic effect of Cardiac Glycosides
Ventricular fibrillation
31
T/F K+ can reverse the Digitalis Toxicity
True
32
T/F Digitoxin is recommended for cats.
False Digoxin
33
MOA of sympathomimetics
Increase cardiac contractility by stimulating B-1 receptors in the heart.
34
Action of sympathomimetics
1. Increase Cardiac output 2. Increase Blood Pressure 3. Increase Blood Glucose Level
35
Preparation for Epinephrine solution
1 ml of epinephrine for 9 ml sterile water 0.5 ml of epinephrine for 4.5 sterile water
36
T/F Epinephrine has beta activity only.
False It has Alpha and Beta Activity
37
Drug use for emergency management of heart failure.
Dobutamine
38
T/F Dobutamine is direct B-1 adrenergic agent.
True
39
Emergency management for Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Dobutamine
40
MOA of Pimobendan as positive inotropic.
Inhibits phosphodiesterase III activity to reduce the breakdown of cAMP
41
MOA of Pimobendan as Vasodilator
Inhibits phosphodiesterases III and V in the vascular smooth muscle. Protein Kinase C is inactivated and Intracellular calcium is decreased causing the dilation.
42
T/F Venous dilation reduces afterload.
False Preload because it venous.
43
T/F Arterial vasodilation reduces afterload.
True
44
Drug indicated for Myxomatous Mitral Valvular Disease (MMVD)
Pimobendan
45
Effective drug for treating myocardial failure in dog.
Milrinone (Inodilator)
46
Aside from Pimobendan what other drugs are inodilators
Inamrinone Milrinone
47
Types of Vasodilator Drugs
1. Balance/ Mix vasodilators 2. Arteriolar Vasodilators
48
MOA of ACE inhibitors
Blocks the enzyme ACE that convert angiotensin I to angiotensin II in the RAAS
49
Drugs under balance vasodilators - ACE inhibitors
Usually ends with -pril 1. Enalapril 2. Imidapril 3. Benazepril
50
Effects of Angiotensin II
1. Vasoconstriction 2. Aldosterone Release (Na+ reabsorption+ K+ wasting) 3. ADH secretion (water retention) =Volume overload and Hypertension =More Workload
51
Drug for Chronic management of heart failure
ACE inhibitors
52
Benazepril and Spironolactone combination
Heart Failure in dogs
53
Adverse effect of ACE inhibitors
Systemic hypotension
54
MOA of Nitrovasodilators
Activate the enzyme guanylate cyclase
55
Drugs that belongs to Nitrovasodilators
1. Nitroprusside 2. Nitroglycerin 3. Isosorbide dinitriate
56
Arteriolar Vasodilators
1. Hydralazine 2. Calcium Channel Blockers
57
MOA of Calcium Channel Blockers
Inhibits L-type calcium channels to suppress Ca++ influx through plasma membrane
58
Group of Calcium Channel Blockers
1. Dihydropyridine -Amlodipine -Nifedipine 2. Nondihydropyridine -Diltiazem -Verapamil
59
Define Flutter
Very rapid but regular contractions
60
Define Fibrillation
Disorganized, irregular, unsynchronized contractile activity
61
Defines as the automatic or spontaneous depolarization of pacemaker cells
Automaticity
62
Causes of Arrhythmias
1. Altered automaticity 2. Disturbance of impulse conduction
63
Abnormal heart rhythm where the heart beats too slowly
Heart block
64
Diagnose of Arrhythmias is done through what?
1. Auscultation 2. Electrocardiography
65
Treatment for Bradyarrhythmias
1. Atropine 2. Propantheline bromide

Pharmacology (2 decks)

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