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MPharm > Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

What are the medications for the management of dyslipidaemia

A
  1. High-potency statin
  2. Add ezetimibe to reduce LDL
  3. Add fenofibrate to reduce triglyceride
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2
Q

What statins are recommended for managing dyslipidaemia

A

Atorvastatin
Rosuvastatin
Simvastatin

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3
Q

What statin should be taken at night

A

Simvastatin

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4
Q

List some non-pharmacological management of dyslipidaemia

A

Smoking
Nutrition
Alcohol
Physical exercise
Weight

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5
Q

What is defined as hypertensive

A

> 140/90mmHg

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6
Q

What are some medications that may increase BP

A

NSAIDs
Stimulants
Corticosteroids

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7
Q

What are first-line treatment for HTN

A

ACEi
“prils”
ramipril, perindopril
ARBs
“sartans”
candesartan, irbesartan, olmesartan
Calcium channel blockers
“pine”
amlodipine, felodipine
Thiazide diuretic for >65yrs old
hydrochlorothiazide, indapamide

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8
Q

What are other options to treat HTN

A

Beta blockers
“olol”
atenolol, bisoprolol
Non-dihydropyridine CCB
diltiazem, veramipil
Alpha agonists/ blockers

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9
Q

What medications can be used to prevent angina

A

Beta blocker or non-dihydropyridine CCB as monotherapy
Dihydropyridine as monotherapy
Dihydropyridine with beta blocker

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10
Q

Secondary medications for prevention of angina

A

Long-acting nitrate
Nicorandil
Short-acting nitrate

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11
Q

What medication/s can be used to treat episodes of angina

A

Short-acting nitrate

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12
Q

Initial clinical management of a STEMI/NSTEMI

A

Aspirin 300mg + GTN spray
IV GTN if indicated plus IV morphine or IV fentanyl for ongoing chest discomfort
Oxygen therapy for patients with oxygen saturation <93%
Beta blockers

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13
Q

STEMI management with PCI

A

Dual antiplatelet therapy
-aspirin with clopidogrel or ticagrelor
Parenteral anticoagulant
-enoxaparin

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14
Q

STEMI management with fibrinolytic therapy

A

Give tenecteplase, alteplase or reteplase
Add DAPT
Add parenteral anticoagulant

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15
Q

How do you manage non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTEACS)

A

PCI (preferred) or CABG
DAPT and parenteral anticoagulant with PCI
Fibrinolytic not recommended

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16
Q

What can you give patients with post ACS

A

DAPT - aspirin with clopidogrel for at least 12months
-150mg aspirin indefinitely
Statin
Beta blockers
ACEi/ARBs

17
Q

What is HFrEF

A

Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction

18
Q

What is HFpEF

A

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

19
Q

How do you manage HFpEF

A

Diuretic - loop diuretic
Low dose spironolactone

20
Q

How do you manage HFrEF

A

ACEi/ARB
Add MRA - low dose spironolactone or eplerenone
Add beta blocker if euvolemic
Up titrate to maximum dose tolerated

Change ACEi/ARB to ARNI if LVEF <40%

21
Q

What beta blockers are recommended for HFrEF patients

A

Bisoprolol
Carvedilol
Metoprolol

22
Q

How do you manage acute rate control for AF

A

Pharmacological cardioversion
If co-morbidities present, use
Flecainide OR amiodarone

If co-morbidities not present, use
Beta blocker - Metoprolol SR, bisoprolol or carvedilol
Non-dihydropyridine CCB - verapamil or diltiazem

23
Q

How to manage long-term rate control for AF

A

No co-mobidities
Beta blockers - MBC
Non-DHP CCB
add digoxin or amiodarone if indicated

Co-morbidity present
Beta blockers - MBC
add digoxin or amiodarone if indicated

24
Q

How would you manage rhythm long-term in AF

A

No co-morbidities
Flecainide or Sotalol
Amiodarone

Co-morbidities
Amiodarone
Add sotalol or BB - MBC

25
Q

What are clinical symptoms of a stroke

A

Face - dropped
Arms - can they lift both arms
Speech - slurred?
Time

26
Q

How would you manage an ischaemic stroke?

A

Reperfusion therapy
- altepase or tenecteplase if it is within 4.5hrs
- add rtPA agent if thrombectomy is indicated

Acute antiplatelet therapy
- wait 24hrs if the patient is undertaking reperfusion therapy

27
Q

How would you manage a mild ischaemic stroke or high risk TIA?

A

Acute antiplatelet therapy if they are NOT receiving reperfusion therapy
-they should already be on DAPT

28
Q

What medications should a post CVA patient be on

A

Anti-platelet therapy
- lifelong aspirin 100-150mg
-clopidogrel 75mg
- aspirin with dypyridamole SR 25/200mg

If high BP
add long term dual therapy - ACEi/diuretic

If lipid is high
high potency statin

29
Q

What medications can you give a patient with VTE

A

DOACs or warfarin

30
Q

What medication can you give a patient with DVT or PE

A

Apixaban or rivaroxaban for 3months
if distal DVT 6-12weeks

MPharm (20 decks)

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