AA antiparasitic and antimalarial Flashcards
What are the treatment for enteric protozoa
Treatment used is antibacterials
Amoebic dysentry
* Metronidazole
Trichomonas and giardia
* Metronidazole
Dientamoeba
* Metronidazole
* Doxycycline
Isospora, cyclospora and blastocystis
* Co-trimoxazole
* Pyrimethamine plus ciprofloxacin
What are metronidazole and what do they treat
Treat trichomonas, amoebiasis and giardiasis
Mechanism of action
* Inhibit nucleic acid synthesis
Tinidazole - antiprotozoal
What is the treatment for cryptosporidia
Nitazoxanide
Antiprotozoal
- Interferes with pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase
Against tapeworm, giardia and HBV/HCV
Rotavirus, influenza A, coronavirus and RSV
How do you treat enteric protozoa
Paromomycin
Antibacterial
- Inhibits protozoan protein synthesis
- Entamoeba lamblia
- Dientamoeba fragilis
- Leishmania
How would you treat toxoplasmosis
Pyrimethamine
* Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase and dihydropteroate
Folinic acid to ameliorate bone marrow suppression
Sulphonamides have synergistic activity
How would you treat leishmaniasis
Cutaneous
pentavalent antimonial or paromomycin
IV amphotericin B
Oral miltefosine
Visceral
IM or IV pentavalent antimonial
IV amphotericin
Mitlefosine
What are antimonials and miltefosine
Antimonials
* Inhibition of ATP synthetase
Miltefosine
* Mechanism of action for antiprotozoal unknown
How would you treat chagas disease
Anti-chagasics
- Nifurtimox
- Benznidazole
Treatment for human African trypanosomiasis
Early TB gambiense treatment
- Pentamidine
Late TB gambiense treatment
- Eflornithine
Early TB rhoediense
- Suramin
Late TB rhoediense
- Melarsoprol
Treament for Helmninths
Onchocerciasis
Ivermectin
* Blocks chloride channels
Filiariasis
Diethylcarbamazine
Ivermectin
Albendazole
Hyadatid - echinococcus
Benzmidazole
Praziquantel
How does albendazole and mebendazole work
Albendazole
* Binds to intracellular tubulin
* Impairs absorptive functions of worm
Mebendazole
* Binds to tubulin
* Prevents microtubule formation, selectively inhibiting cell division and glucose uptake
What are chloroquines
Antimalarial
Mechanism of action:
Concentrates in acidic food vacuoles of malaria
* Raises pH = enzymes stop functioning
* CQ caps hemozoin = prevent biocrystallisation of heme
* CQ binds to heme –> build up
* Cell lysis and parasite cell autodigestion
What are Pyrimethamine/ sulfonamide
Antimalarial which are a combination of antibiotic and antiprotozoal drug
Mechanism of action:
Blocks parasites ability to use folinic acid
Atovaquone/ Proguanil malarone
Two antimalarials with synergistic action
Mechanism of action:
Inhibits malarial cytochrome complex = damage parasites mitochondria
Dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor
Artemisinin derivatives
Antimalarial
Mechanism of action:
Increased endoperoxides –> mitochondria
Altered calcium metabolism
