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n300 exam 1 > cardiovascular > Flashcards

cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

elevated BP

A

120-129 <80 DBP

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2
Q

stage 1 htn

A

130-139 SBP, 80-90 DBP

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3
Q

stage 2 htn

A

> 140 SBP, >90 DBP

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4
Q

ischemic stroke

A

common
blood vessel to the brain blocked

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5
Q

hemorrhagic stroke

A

blood vessel within brain bursts

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6
Q

arteriosclerosis

A

any hardening of medium or large arteries

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7
Q

atherosclerosis

A

hardening og an artery specifically due to an atheromatous plaque

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8
Q

arteriolosclerosis

A

hardening of arterioles
d/t htn and diabetics mellitus

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9
Q

CAD

A

plaque builds up in the coronary arteries reducing and blocking blood flow to heart tissue.
characterized by stable angina

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10
Q

ACS

A

umbrella term to cover any group clinical symptoms compatible with acute myocardial ischemia

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11
Q

growth of collateral circulation is attributed to?

A

inherited predisposition to develop new vessels
presence of chronic ischemia

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12
Q

chronic stable angina

A

intermittent chest pain occurs over long period, lasting 3-5 min
ST segment depression

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13
Q

prinzmetals angina

A

occurs at rest in response to spasm of major coronary artery
ST elevation

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14
Q

acute coronary syndrome

A

ischemia is prolonged and not immediately reversible

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15
Q

aldosterone increases

A

CO by increasing blood volume (via increasing sodium reabsorption)

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16
Q

pathophysio of primary htn

A

water and sodium retention

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17
Q

dietary sodium reduction

A

<2.4g /day

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18
Q

htn potential complications

A

OHTN
htn crisis
stroke, MI
sexual dysfunction

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19
Q

heart failure

A

impaired cardiac pumping

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20
Q

natriuretic peptides

A

hormones produced by heart muscle in response to increase in atrial volume and ventricular pressure

21
Q

left sided HF

A

reduced capacity to pump blood into systemic circulation
pulmonary congestion, edema

22
Q

right sided HF

A

right ventricle reduced capacity to pump blood into pulmonary circulation
JVD, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, ascites, peripheral edema

23
Q

lasix

A

decreases preload and pulmonary congestion, cardiac work, increased CO
watch for low potassium

24
Q

spironolactone

A

watch for high potassium

25
Q

digoxin

A

improve contractility and increase stroke volume

26
Q

weight monitoring

A

gain of 3lb over 2 days, or 3-5lb over 7 days should be reported

27
Q

peripheral arterial disease

A

progressive narrowing and degeneration of arteries in neck, abd, extremities

28
Q

intermittent claudication

A

muscle pain, commonly calf, upon exercise and goes away on rest

29
Q

aortic aneurysms

A

out pouching or dilation of weakened area in an artery

30
Q

buerger’s disease

A

inflammatory disease of the small and medium veins and arteries accompanied by thrombi and spasms

31
Q

Raynaud’s disease

A

localized, intermittent episodes of vasoconstriction of small arteries of the hands causing color and temp changes

32
Q

thrombophlebitis

A

formation of thrombus in association with inflammation of the vein

33
Q

what causes thrombophlebitis

A

stasis of blood flow, damage to inner lining of vein, hypercoagubility of blood

34
Q

superficial thrombophlebitis

A

palpable cord, warm, red, tender, edema,

35
Q

deep thrombophlebitis

A

edema, pain, warm skin, homans sign

36
Q

venous insufficiency

A

inadequate venous return over long periods that causes ischemia in vasculature, skin, and tissues

37
Q

infective endocarditis

A

caused by microorganisms in blood that colonize on the platelet and fibrin strands in endothelium

38
Q

pericarditis

A

inflammation of pericardium

39
Q

tamponade

A

medical emergency resulting in excess fluid collection in the pericardial sac that interferes with heart filling

40
Q

cardiomyopathy

A

abnormality of the heart muscle structure

41
Q

dilated cardiomyopathy

A

enlargement of all 4 chambers
decreased contractility
decreased CO

42
Q

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

unexplained progressive thickening of ventricular muscle mass, causing increased pulmonary and venous pressure

43
Q

restrictive Cardiomyopathy

A

excessive rigid ventricular walls do not stretch during diastolic filling, creates back pressure and R HF

44
Q

valvular heart disease

A

defects in structure or function of valves thus interfering with proper cardiac function

45
Q

mitral valve prolapse

A

abnormality of mitral valve leaflets and the papillary muscle or chordae

46
Q

aortic valve stenosis

A

obstruction of flow from left ventricle to aorta during systole

47
Q

aortic valve regurgitation

A

retrograde blood flow from ascending aorta to left ventricle

48
Q

tricuspid valve stenosis

A

right atrial valve obstructed, results in R atrial enlargement and elevated systemic venous pressure

49
Q

pulmonic valve stenosis

A

backward flow of blood from R ventricle

n300 exam 1 (4 decks)

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