Cardiovascular Flashcards
Side effects of ACE inhibitors
Dry cough, hyperkalaemia - contraindicated in renal artery stenosis
Irregularly irregular pulse
Atrial Fibrillation
Hyperkalaemia ECG changes
tall tented t waves and wide qrs complexes
What does a saw-tooth ECG indicate?
Atrial flutter
Rib-notching on CXR
coarctation of the aorta
Radial delay
Aortic dissection/coarctation of aorta
What does a collapsing pulse indicate?
Aortic regurgitation
Slow rising pulse
Aortic stenosis
Splinter haemorrhages
Infective endocarditis
Crescendo-decrescendo murmur
Aortic stenosis
main causes of a staph. aureus infection - infective endocarditis
prosthetic valves (after 2 months), IV drug users
Main causes of a strep. viridans infection - infective endocarditis
post dental surgery
Treatment of acute AF
Treat underlying cause - control ventricular rate with BB/CCB, add digoxin or amiodarone - anticoagulate - heparin, clopidogrel
Mechanism of action of clopidogrel
works through P2Y12 by disulphide bond
Mechanism of action of warfarin
Inhibits Vitamin K epoxide reductase which decreases functional Vitamin K levels
Mechanism of action of heparin
Binds to AT3 and increases affinity for clotting factors to inactivate
Ductus Arteriosus
A connection between pulmonary artery and descending aorta during foetal development to bypass the lungs
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Continuous machinery like murmur - connection between aorta and pulmonary artery that remains open
What is strawberry milkshake coloured blood a sign of?
Hyperlipidaemia
Dermatone level of Herpes Zoster Virus (shingles)
T4/T5
Central abdominal pain, expansile pulsatile mass is suggestive of?
AAA - Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm, cause of sudden death
How to treat AAA
dependant on size (cm) - seen on Xray
EVAR - endovascular aneurysm repair or open repair
How to calculate MAP
MAP = DBP + 0.33 (SBP-DBP)
Which artery supplies the AV node
Right coronary artery
