Cardiovascular

Question 1

Troponin 1

Answer 1

<0.03 ng/dL

• Protein released in blood when heart muscle is damaged
• Best indicator of acute MI
• Stays elevated from 2 hours up to 9 days

Question 2

Myoglobin

Answer 2

5-70 ng/dL

• Found in cardiac and skeletal muscle
• Shows amount of muscle damage
• Low levels good for ruling out acute MI
• “myoglobin think muscle”
• Detected 1-2 hours and elevated for up to 12-24 hours
• Peak 2-6 hours

Question 3

Total cholesterol

Answer 3

<200 mg/dL

Question 4

Low-density lipoproteins (LDL)

Answer 4

<100 mg/dL

-“We want low levels “bad fat””

Question 5

Triglycerides

Answer 5

<150 mg/dL

• Body stores fat in form of triglycerides
• When lipids are needed for energy, triglycerides get broken down and used
• “Triglycerides get stored in your thighs as fat”

Question 6

High-density Lipoproteins (HDL)

Answer 6

F: >40 mg/dL
M: >55 mg/dL

-Transport cholesterol from cells and tissue back to liver preventing excess amounts in blood
-Clears cholesterol from blood vessel walls
“Happy cholesterol so want high levels”

Question 7

Central Venous Pressure (CVP)

Answer 7

2-8 mmHg

• Pressure in superior vena cava
• Reflects pressure returning to RA
• Indicates Fluid volume status

Question 8

Pulmonary Arterial Wedge Pressure (PAWP)

Answer 8

4-12 mmHg

aka PAOP or PCWP

• Reflects ventricular end-diastolic pressure
• Invasive and used in ICU

Question 9

Cardiac Output (CO)

Answer 9

4-8 L/min

• Total volume of blood ejected by heart per min
• amount blood flow reaching tissues

CO=HR times SV

Question 10

B-type Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)

Answer 10

<100 pg/mL

• Peptide released from ventricle when filled with too much fluid and stretches
• Marker for HF/staging

Question 11

Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF)

Answer 11

55-75%

• Aka EF
• Measurement of blood pumped out of LV with each contraction
• Can still have HF with normal EF

Question 12

Blood Pressure (BP)

Answer 12

120/80 mmHg

-Pressure applied to walls of arteries during ventricular systole and diastole

Question 13

Hypotension

Answer 13

<100/<60

Question 14

Pre- HTN

Answer 14

120-139/ 80-89

Question 15

Stage 1 HTN

Answer 15

140-159 / 90-99

Question 16

Stage 2 HTN

Answer 16

> 160 / >100

Question 17

HTN Crisis

Answer 17

> 180 / >120

Question 18

Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)

Answer 18

70-100 mmHg

• Average pressure in systemic circulation through cardiac cycle
• MAP of atlas 60 required to adequately perfuse vital organs

Question 19

Creatine Kinase-MB (CK-MB)

Answer 19

0-5 ng/dL

• Enzyme released in blood when heart, muscle, or brain becomes damaged
• Cardiac specific but less reliable than troponin
• Detected 3-6 hrs, peak 12-24 hrs, fall 24-48 hours

Question 20

Troponin T

Answer 20

<0.1 ng/mL

• Protein released in blood when heart muscle damage
• Best indicator of acute MI
• Detected 2-6 hours, peak 10-24 hours, fall 7-14 days