Cardiovascular Flashcards
signs to look for on the hand and nails
- clubbing
- nicotine staining
- splinter haemorrhages
- tendon xanthoma
- janeway lesions
- osler’s nodes
- pale palmar creases
how long should capillary refill time be
<2 seconds
if regular pulse how long should you palpate
30s
if irregular pulse how long should you palpate
60s
what three features are you looking for in pulse
- rate
- rhythm
- character
what should you check for before examining for a collapsing pulse
arm/shoulder pain
what valvular abnormality causes a collapsing pulse
aortic regurgitation
what 3 things do you look for in the eyes
- xanthelasma
- corneal arcus
- pallor of conjunctivae
what syndrome is suggested in high-arched palate
Marfan
what do you listen for in the carotid pulse
Bruits
what angle should the patient be rested at when examining the JVP
45C
site of apex beat
5th intercostal space, mid-clavicular line
what are parasternal heaves indicative of
- LVH
- RVH
palpating over the 4 valves with the lateral border of the hand discovers any potential …
thrills (murmurs)
what areas do you auscultate with the diaphragm
- 4 valves
- carotids
why is it important to palpate the carotid pulse whilst auscultating the heart sounds
determine if abnormal sounds are systolic or diastolic
after establishing the presence of a murmur what should you establish
radiation (carotids/apex)
auscultating mitral with bell whilst patient leaning to the left makes it easier to listen to
low pitched diastolic murmur of mitral stenosis
auscultating tricuspid with diaphragm with patient sat forward + help expiration intensifies what murmur
aortic regurgitation
auscultating lung bases for
fluid due to HF
peripheral oedema indicates what type of HF
RS
how long should you press to establish oedema presence
5s
palpitations (end pieces)
- hepatosplenomegaly
- AAA
- femoral pulses
auscultation (end pieces)
renal + femoral bruits
