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Clinical examinations > Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

signs to look for on the hand and nails

A
  • clubbing
  • nicotine staining
  • splinter haemorrhages
  • tendon xanthoma
  • janeway lesions
  • osler’s nodes
  • pale palmar creases
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2
Q

how long should capillary refill time be

A

<2 seconds

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3
Q

if regular pulse how long should you palpate

A

30s

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4
Q

if irregular pulse how long should you palpate

A

60s

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5
Q

what three features are you looking for in pulse

A
  • rate
  • rhythm
  • character
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6
Q

what should you check for before examining for a collapsing pulse

A

arm/shoulder pain

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7
Q

what valvular abnormality causes a collapsing pulse

A

aortic regurgitation

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8
Q

what 3 things do you look for in the eyes

A
  • xanthelasma
  • corneal arcus
  • pallor of conjunctivae
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9
Q

what syndrome is suggested in high-arched palate

A

Marfan

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10
Q

what do you listen for in the carotid pulse

A

Bruits

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11
Q

what angle should the patient be rested at when examining the JVP

A

45C

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12
Q

site of apex beat

A

5th intercostal space, mid-clavicular line

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13
Q

what are parasternal heaves indicative of

A
  • LVH

- RVH

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14
Q

palpating over the 4 valves with the lateral border of the hand discovers any potential …

A

thrills (murmurs)

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15
Q

what areas do you auscultate with the diaphragm

A
  • 4 valves

- carotids

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16
Q

why is it important to palpate the carotid pulse whilst auscultating the heart sounds

A

determine if abnormal sounds are systolic or diastolic

17
Q

after establishing the presence of a murmur what should you establish

A

radiation (carotids/apex)

18
Q

auscultating mitral with bell whilst patient leaning to the left makes it easier to listen to

A

low pitched diastolic murmur of mitral stenosis

19
Q

auscultating tricuspid with diaphragm with patient sat forward + help expiration intensifies what murmur

A

aortic regurgitation

20
Q

auscultating lung bases for

A

fluid due to HF

21
Q

peripheral oedema indicates what type of HF

A

RS

22
Q

how long should you press to establish oedema presence

A

5s

23
Q

palpitations (end pieces)

A
  • hepatosplenomegaly
  • AAA
  • femoral pulses
24
Q

auscultation (end pieces)

A

renal + femoral bruits

25
Q

fundoscopy findings (end pieces)

A

hypertensive & diabetic retinopathy

Clinical examinations (6 decks)

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