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Anat 1 > Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

During ventricular systole, blood is

A

forced from the ventricles into the aorta and pulmonary trunk.

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2
Q

Contraction of the heart proceeds first on the right side of the heart and second on the left.

A

false

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3
Q

The least abundant type of leukocyte is the monocyte.

A

false

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4
Q

non phagocytic blood cell

A

lymphocyte

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5
Q

The right and left coronary arteries arise from the descending aorta.

A

false

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6
Q

Large cardiac cells of the conducting system embedded in the ventricular walls between the endocardium and myocardium.

A

subendocardial conducting network (Purkinje fibers)

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7
Q

supplies deoxygenated blood to the lungs so it can become oxygenated.

A

Pulmonary circuit

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8
Q

The ________ lies directly deep to the fibrous pericardium.

A

Parietal layer of serous pericardium

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9
Q

The elastic arteries are the largest arteries near the heart.

A

True

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10
Q

Which vessel is missing from the following statement? “Tracing blood that drains from the large intestine, we find that blood drains from the distal colon is collected in the inferior mesenteric vein, merges with the splenic vein then directed to the hepatic portal vein, the liver sinusoids, and the inferior vena cava.”

A

Hepatic Vein

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11
Q

formed element of the blood that is packed with molecules of hemoglobin.

A

Erythrocyte(RBC)

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12
Q

Cell containing a large, dark purple-staining spherical nucleus that almost completely fills the cell volume.

A

Lymphocyte

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13
Q

By definition, veins are

A

vessels that carry blood to the heart

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14
Q

Cells of the conducting system located between the AV node and bundle branches.

A

atrioventricular bundle

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15
Q

A young erythrocyte is called a

A

reticulocyte

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16
Q

connective tissue layer consisting of longitudinal collagen fibers.

A

Tunica Externa

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17
Q

Together, leukocytes and platelets constitute roughly which percentage of whole blood volume?

A

1%

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18
Q

The most abundant white blood cell type is the

A

Neutrophil

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19
Q

Platelets are cell fragments arising from megakaryocytes located just outside the sinusoids.

A

True

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20
Q

vessel that is easy to find in most people and is used to obtain blood.

A

Median cubital vein

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21
Q

Hemopoiesis is

A

blood cell production

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22
Q

The correct sequence of heart wall layers from superficial to deep is epicardium, endocardium, and myocardium.

A

false

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23
Q

T cells function to

A

destroy body cells infected with viruses.

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24
Q

All granulocytes have lobed nuclei and are phagocytic in function.

A

true

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25
Q

Oxygen levels are lower at higher altitudes. Why would you expect to see increased numbers of reticulocytes in the blood at high altitudes?

A

Erythrocyte production is being stimulated to increase the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood.

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26
Q

The left ventricular wall of the heart is thicker than the right ventricular wall, so it can

A

pump blood with greater pressure

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27
Q

What prevents the backflow of blood in veins?

A

valves

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28
Q

The percentage of erythrocytes in a normal volume of blood is about

A

45%

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29
Q

Functionally, there are no valves in arteries (as opposed to in veins) because

A

the blood pressure in arteries is high enough that there is no backflow of blood.

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30
Q

Along with leukocytes, these contribute less than 1% of whole blood.

A

Platelets

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31
Q

The region between the right and left pleural cavities is the

A

Mediastinum

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32
Q

layer common to all blood vessels regardless of their size.

A

Tunica Intima

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33
Q

The atrioventricular node is located in the

A

inferior part of the interatrial septum.

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34
Q

Systemic venous blood that is oxygen-poor but contains the lowest concentration of nitrogenous wastes occurs in the

A

umbilical veins of the fetus.

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35
Q

Fenestrated capillaries

A

have pores in their walls

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36
Q

During left ventricular systole, blood enters the

A

aorta

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37
Q

At which corner point of the heart does one listen for the sound of the closing aortic semilunar valve?

A

Superior right

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38
Q

Cardiac muscle cells are bound by connective tissue into long circular and spiral networks called

A

bundles

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39
Q

Which of the following cells develop into macrophages?

A

monocytes

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40
Q

Oxygen-poor blood returning to the heart enters the

A

right atrium

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41
Q

Leukocyte primarily responsible for destroying bacteria.

A

Neutrophil

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42
Q

Hematocrit measures the percentage of blood volume that consists of

A

Eryhtrocytes

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43
Q

Which heart chamber is most affected by hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

A

left ventricle

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44
Q

the exit of leukocytes from capillaries is

A

Diapedesis

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45
Q

A penetrating stab wound to the heart wall that causes blood to leak into the pericardial cavity would result in

A

Cardiac Tamponade

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46
Q

The parasympathetic fibers of the vagus nerve

A

slow the heart beat

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47
Q

The internal iliac arteries supply blood both to the pelvic organs and to the lower limbs.

A

True

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48
Q

Which layer of blood vessels contains smooth muscle tissue?

A

Tunica Media

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49
Q

Death of heart musculature due to lack of oxygen.

A

Myocardial Infarction

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50
Q

An eosinophil can be distinguished from a basophil because the eosinophil

A

has pink (versus dark purple) granules.

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51
Q

In adults, red bone marrow occurs in the skull, girdles, and diaphysis of the long bones.

A

false

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52
Q

The semilunar valves are closed when the

A

ventricles are relaxed

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53
Q

Which of the following structures is not found in the left ventricle?

A

Pectinate muscles

54
Q

The abdominal aorta divides at its distal end into which arteries?

A

the common iliac arteries

55
Q

If a physician cannot feel a pulse in the popliteal fossa, the ________ artery is most likely narrowed by atherosclerosis.

A

femoral

56
Q

The right ventricle pumps blood into the

A

pulmonary trunk

57
Q

The small cardiac vein lies on the

A

right ventricle.

58
Q

The ________ receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.

A

left atrium

59
Q

The diameter of a typical capillary is similar to that of

A

an erythrocyte.

60
Q

The heart chamber that pumps oxygenated blood to the systemic circuit is the

A

left ventricle

61
Q

longest vein in the body.

A

great saphenous vein

62
Q

Which of the following vessels does not carry oxygen-poor blood to the heart?

A

pulmonary vein

63
Q

Leukocytes, ordered from most to least abundant, are the

A

neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils.

64
Q

The circulatory route that runs from the digestive tract to the liver is called

A

Hepatic Portal Circulation

65
Q

Plasma is called ________ when the clotting factors have been removed.

A

Serum

66
Q

Prolapse of the atrioventricular valves is prevented by the chordae tendineae.

A

True

67
Q

The least abundant white blood cell type is the

A

basophil

68
Q

Most abundant formed element in the blood is the

A

erythrocyte

69
Q

earlike flaps on the surface of the ventricles.

A

auricles

70
Q

The pericardial cavity lies between

A

the parietal pericardium and the visceral pericardium.

71
Q

Which artery arises from the inferior part of the abdominal aorta and supplies the distal half of the large intestine?

A

inferior messenteric artery

72
Q

The electrical event that begins each heartbeat occurs at the sinoatrial (SA) node.

A

true

73
Q

The foramen ovale in the heart normally closes

A

shortly after birth

74
Q

Hematocrit is the percentage of blood consisting of erythrocytes.

A

true

75
Q

formed element of the blood that produces antibodies.

A

lymphocytes

76
Q

The tricuspid valve is closed

A

when the ventricle is in systole.

77
Q

Blood plasma

A

is approximately 90% water.

78
Q

Heart valve with two cusps.

A

Bicuspid valve ( mitral)

79
Q

What type of white blood cell increases dramatically during parasitic infections or allergic reactions?

A

Eusinophil

80
Q

Semilunar valvles

A

between the ventricles and the great arteries.

81
Q

Leukocytes function primarily within the bloodstream.

A

flse

82
Q

The ________ receives blood from the superior and inferior vena cavae and the coronary sinus.

A

right atrium

83
Q

Internal C-shaped crest of the right atrium, which indicates the openings for the superior and inferior vena cavae.

A

crista terminalis.

84
Q

Mast cells and basophils both release histamine at the site of inflammation.

A

true

85
Q

The crista terminalis can be used to locate all of the following structures except the

A

opening pulmonary veins

86
Q

Which of the following is the correct ranking of formed elements of blood by longevity (life span), from longest-lived to shortest-lived?

A

erythrocytes, platelets, neutrophils

87
Q

If “lub-dup” describes a heartbeat, the “dup” part of the sound is caused by

A

vibrations that result from the semilunar valves slamming shut.

88
Q

Which of the following cells lack mitochondria?

A

Erythrocytes

89
Q

The “heartstrings” are the

A

Chordae Tendineae

90
Q

T cells vs B cells

A

T cells directly attack foreign cells while B cells produce antibodies.

91
Q

A specific coronary vessel that lies in the coronary sulcus is the

A

right coronary artery

92
Q

Blood in the pulmonary veins returns to the

A

left atrium

93
Q

Pulmonary circuit

A

the pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood.

94
Q

All types of blood vessels contain a tunica intima.

A

true

95
Q

B cells fight infections by

A

producing antibodies

96
Q

Two large arteries that have relatively superficial locations and are, therefore, vulnerable to injury the

A

common carotid artery and the femoral artery (in the superior thigh).

97
Q

Which white blood cells contain granules of histamine?

A

basophils

98
Q

The systemic circuit supplies

A

Oxygenated blood

99
Q

The formed element that is flattened, circular, lacks a nucleus, lacks mitochondria or ribosomes, and is red because of the presence of hemoglobin is

A

erythrocyte

100
Q

Blood serum is plasma from which albumin has been removed.

A

false

101
Q

The cusps of the valves of the heart are covered by

A

endocardium

102
Q

Papillary muscles are horizontal ridges in the walls of the atrium.

A

false

103
Q

Megakaryocytes

A

give rise to platelets

104
Q

Why do the arteries and veins of the pulmonary circuit have thinner walls than arteries and veins of the systemic circuit?

A

The pressure against the walls of the vessels is much lower in the pulmonary circuit than the systemic circuit.

105
Q

The term for pain caused by deficient blood delivery to the heart wall is

A

angina pectoris

106
Q

Oxygen-rich blood returning from the lungs enters the left atrium through two right and two left pulmonary veins.

A

true

107
Q

Of the three layers of the heart wall, the layer that contains cardiac muscle is the

A

Myocardium

108
Q

An average female has approximately ________ of blood.

A

4 liters

109
Q

This leukocyte is a cell mediator of inflammation.

A

basophils

110
Q

Which branch (or branches) of the abdominal aorta supplies the stomach?

A

cephalic trunk

111
Q

A drop of blood returning to the heart from the head region would enter the heart through which vessel?

A

superior vena cava

112
Q

A drop of blood returning to the heart from the head region would enter the heart through which vessel?

A

tru

113
Q

The foramen ovale in the fetal heart gives rise to the

A

openings between the ventricles.

114
Q

blood vessel layer that is comprised of circular and longitudinal smooth muscle.

A

tunica media

115
Q

Muscular arteries regulate blood flow to organs and groups of organs.

A

true

116
Q

Veins have less elastin in their walls than do arteries.

A

true

117
Q

Capillaries consist of only this layer.

A

tunica intima

118
Q

The inner endothelial layer that lines the heart is the

A

Endocardium

119
Q

97% hemoglobin …

A

Erythrocytes

120
Q

Cell fragments, also called thrombocytes, involved in clotting are called

A

platelets

121
Q

Valve responsible for preventing backflow of blood from the lungs into the heart.

A

bicuspid

122
Q

The heart chamber with the thickest wall is the

A

left ventricle

123
Q

The blood protein that contributes osmotic pressure, keeping water from leaking out of the vessels, is called the

A

albumin

124
Q

Threadlike structures of the endocardium that prevent prolapse of the atrioventricular valves.

A

Chordae tendineae

125
Q

All arteries carry oxygen-rich blood, whereas veins carry oxygen-poor blood.

A

false

126
Q

A plasma protein involved in blood clotting is

A

fibrin

127
Q

Blood pressure is highest in the

A

elastic arteries

128
Q

The epicardium is the same as the

A

visceral layer of serous pericardium.

129
Q

The functions of platelets include all of the following except

A

release of chemical signals that trigger the immune response.

130
Q

When centrifuged, blood separates into the following sequence of layers, from lightest to heaviest

A

plasma, buffy coat, hematocrit.

131
Q

Why do the arteries and veins of the pulmonary circuit have thinner walls than arteries and veins of the systemic circuit?

A

The pressure against the walls of the vessels is much lower in the pulmonary circuit than the systemic circuit.

132
Q

Which of the following cells lack mitochondria?

A

erythrocytes

Anat 1 (12 decks)

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