Cardiovascular Flashcards
Apical Pulse
5th intercostal space at midclavicular line
Bruit
blood flow turbulece common in carotid
Clubbing
change in toenails and fingernails due to lack of bloodflow (CF, heart disease)
Dysrhythmia
Improper beating of heart
Edema
swelling caused by excess fluid in bodily tissues
Gallop
third heart sound after the dub
Heave
rolling heart sound
Lift
pulse that lifts fingers
Murmur
whooshing or swooshing due to turbulent blood in the heart
Precordium
front of the chest wall over the heart
Syncope
temporary loss of consciousness
Thrill
vibrations from fast continuous flowing blood (purring of a cat)
Turgor
pressure exerted by fluid in a cell
What are some examples of subjective data for a cardiovascular assessment?
chest pain and tightness? shortness of breath and dyspnea? cough? fatigue? cyanosis and pallor? edema? family history? medications?
What are some examples of objective data for a cardiovascular assessment?
inspect
palpate
percuss
auscultate
What is inspected with diaphragm during CV assessment?
jugular vein distension - indicates central venous pressure
best to assess in fowlers position
indication of right ventricle heart failure
congestive heart failure
take apical pulse at the apex
(intercostal space changes from 4 to 5) at age 7
heaves and lifts can indicate heart failure and problems
What are you palpating for?
heaves, lifts, thrills, bruits Order of Palpation: Aorta Tricuspid Pulmonic Erb's Point Mitral
What is auscultated with a cardiovascular assessment?
Check for pulse deficit with diaphragm and bell
S1 - “lub”, start of systole, closure of av valves (separate ventricles from atria) louder than S2
S2 - “dub” louder at base of heart, closure of semilunar valves (aorta and pulmonary artery), start of diastole
Adventatious heart sounds
What is a split S2?
end of inspiration, T-dub, aortic and pulmonary valves, close at different times
maybe normal in kids and abnormal in adults
What is a click?
mitral valve prolapse
What is the S3 sound?
L lateral position - use bell at apex
dull soft sound
distant thunder
follows S2
What is the S4 sound?
Atria contracts late in diastole, because of less compliance before S1
Murmurs (cont.)
Graded I-VI Swishing Common in peds - fever and leaky valves I is hard to hear VI is loud
Pericardial Friction Rub
use diaphragm
post MI common
