Cardiovascular 1

Question 1

How many blood plasma proteins and what are they?

Answer 1

Albumin
* Smallest and most numerous
plasma protein.
* Carrier of substances (lipids,
steroid hormones).
* Maintains osmotic pressure.
Globulin
* Immunity — immunoglobulins
(antibodies); secreted by B cells.
* Transport iron, lipids and vitamins.
Fibrinogen
* Also called clotting factor one.
* Essential for blood clotting.

Question 2

Waste products of Blood Plasma

Answer 2

Urea, Uric acid, Carbondioxide, creatinine

Question 3

Nutrients needed for the formation of erythrocytes

Answer 3

Folate, iron(Vit b9), vit B12

Question 4

What is Bilirubin?

Answer 4

Bilirubin is a yellow-coloured pigment formed from the
breakdown of haem. Bilirubin is excreted in bile and urine.

Question 5

What is life span of erythrocytes and thrombocytes?

Answer 5

Erythrocytes: 90-120 days
Thrombocytes: 10 days

Question 6

Explain the stages of blood clotting?

Answer 6

1. Vasoconstriction:
   • When blood vessels are damaged, smooth muscle contracts resulting in vasoconstriction.
   • When collagen is exposed in vascular endothelium, thromboxane is released. This causes vascular spasm and attracts platelets
2. Platelet plug formation:
   • Platelets stick to the damaged wall.
   • Platelets become sticky (platelet aggregation) and form a platelet plug. Platelets activate the formation of thrombin.