Cardiothoracic Flashcards
Level of IVC, esophagus, and aorta/thoracic duct
IVC - T8
Esophagus - T10
Thoracic duct/aorta - T12
Type I alveoli function
Functional gas exchange
Type II alveoli function
Produce surfactant, 1% of alveoli
Tx of mediastinitis
Thorough debridement
Muscle flap coverage
Dobutamine receptor action
Low dose: Beta-1 agonist = increased contractility
High dose: Beta-2 agonist = peripheral vasodilation
How do you define acute vs chronic aortic dissection?
Symptoms within 2 weeks = acute
> 2 months = chronic
Operative indications for chronic aortic dissection
- impending or actual rupture
- sx related dissection
- signs of end organ malperfusion
- aortic expansion > 1 cm/year
- associated aneurysm size > 5.5 cm ascending or > 6.6 cm descending
MCC of mortality 1 year after heart transplant?
CAD, MI
Highest risk factor in post-CABG mortality?
Re-do CABG
What is a right dominant heart?
RCA gives rise to PDA
90% of patients
AVR indications
Elective: angina/syncope
Emergent: CHF sx
Asymptomatic: area < 1 cm
Anatomy of structures at the thoracic outlet?
Anterior to posterior:
- subclavian vein
- phrenic nerve
- anterior scalene muscle
- subclavian artery
- brachial plexus
How much fluid does pleural space turnover?
5-10 L/day
Treatment of histoplasmosis?
Symptomatic - antifungal
Asymptomatic - self-limiting, supportive care
Tension PTX treatment?
Immediate: needle thoracostomy in 2nd intercostal space in midclavicular line
Definitive: chest tube
