Cardiorespiratory Sytem

Question 1

Location of the thoracic cavity

Answer 1

continuous with the neck via the superior thoracic aperture but separated from the abdominal cavity by the diaphragm

Question 2

What is the diaphragm

Answer 2

a sheet of skeletal muscle vital for breathing

Question 3

what are the major organs of the thorax

Answer 3

• heart
• lungs

Question 4

`what does the thorax contain

Answer 4

-trachea
-oesophagus
-arteries and veins
-nerves (somatic and autonomic)
-lymphatic vessels

Question 5

Function of thoracic cage (rib cage)

Answer 5

-protects thoracic viscera
-provides an attachment for the muscles of breathing and muscles that move upper limb

Question 6

what is the rib cage composed of

Answer 6

-sternum (breastbone)
-12 pairs of ribs
-thoracic vertebrae

Question 7

where is the sternum located

Answer 7

lies anteriorly in the midline of the thoracic cage

Question 8

what is the sternum composed of

Answer 8

3 parts:
- manubrium (superior part)
-body (inferior to manubrium)
-xiphoid process/xiphisternum (inferior to body)

Question 9

Manubrium structure

Answer 9

-superior border has a notch in it called the suprasternal (jugular) notch
- laterally articulates with the clavicle at the sternoclavicular joint

Question 10

where do the maubrium and body of the sternum articulate with eachother

Answer 10

at the manubriosternal joint also known as the sternal angle/angle of Louis

Question 11

composition of anterior parts of the ribs

Answer 11

costal cartilage, giving the cage some springiness

Question 12

Articulation of the ribs

Answer 12

• ribs articulate with their costal cartilages at costochondral joints
• costal cartilagaes of upper ribs with the sternum at sternocostal joints
• ribs posteriorly with the thoracic vertebrae at costovertebral joints

Question 13

sympathetic stimulation of heart

Answer 13

increases heart rate

Question 14

parasympathetic stimulation of heart

Answer 14

decreases heart rate

Question 15

how many lobes does the right lung have

Answer 15

3
superior, middle and inferior

Question 16

how many lobes does the left lung have

Answer 16

2
upper and lower

Question 17

what is each lung served by

Answer 17

1 pulmonary artery
2 pulmonary veins
1 main bronchus

Question 18

pulmonary artery

Answer 18

carries deoxygenated blood into the lung from the right ventricle

Question 19

pulmonary vein

Answer 19

carries oxygenated blood from the lung into the left atrium

Question 20

main bronchus

Answer 20

carries air between the lung and trachea

Question 21

journey (order) of air into the lungs

Answer 21

trachea to main bronchi to smaller bronchi to bronchioles to alveoli

Question 22

parasympathetic stimulation of lungs

Answer 22

narrows bronchioles (bronchoconstriction)

Question 23

sympathetic stimulation of lungs

Answer 23

opens bronchioles (bronchodilation)