Cardiorespiratory 2 Flashcards
What are the three layers of the heart
Epicardium, myocardium, epicardium as well as the subendocardial layer and subepicardial layer.
What are the two chambers of the right atrium and what are they divided by?
The atrium proper and the sinus venarum, and they are separated by crista terminalis.
What is the course of the right coronary sinus and its branches?
The right coronary artery originates from the ascending aorta at the right coronary sinus, it passes between at the right of the pulmonary trunk and runs down the coronary sulcus giving riseto the right marginal artery and the posterior interventricular artery which supplies the sinoventricular node and runs down the posterior interventricular sulcus. It also gives off a branch that supplies the sinu atrial node - the sinuatrial nodal branch.
Describe the course and branches of the left coronary artery
The left coronary arises from the left coronary sinus of the acending aorta and it gives rise to anterior interventricular artery and the circumflex artery. The anterior interventricular artery runs along the anterior interventricular sulcus and passes posteriorly to anastamose with the posterior interventricular artery. The circumflex artery passes down the coronary sulcus and then to the left boder passing posteriorly and gives rise to the left marginal artery.
What vessels joint to form the IVC?
The left and right iliac veins
What drains into the IVC?
The gonadal veins (left via the left renal vein, right staight into the IVC), right suprarenal vein, hepatic veins.
What is the venous drainage of the gut?
- Via the portal system
- Via the inferior mesenteric that drains into the splenic vein which drains into the superior mesenteric, that then forms the portal vein
What structures entret the pulmonary hilum?
Pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins (4),main bronchi, lymphatics and nerves;
What passes through the diaphragm?
Caval aperture T8 - inferior vena cava
Oesophageal hiatus T10 - Oesophagus and left and right vagus nerve
Aortic hiatus T10 - abdominal aorta, azygous vein, thoracic duct
What nerves pass anteriorly and posteriorly to the hilum of the lung?
Phrenic anteriorly, Vagus posteriorly
What is the importance of the pleural cavity?
It is filled with pleural fluid which creates tension between the visceral and parietal layer and encourages inflation of lungs.
What is the costs diaphragmatic recess?
It is the space between the pleura and the lung at the bottom of the lungs, where fluid can accumulate and create pleural affusion. It also allows for expansion of lungs during forced inspiration.
What is the histology of the pleura?
Mesothelium - a type of tissue that lines body cavities and secretes fluid.
What is the course and anatomical relations of the common carotid artery?
The left common carotic artery has its origin from the aortic arch, whilst the right common carotid artery is one of the bifurcations of the brachiocephalic trunk alongside the right subclavian artery. The common carotid arteries. Ascend through the neck alongside the trachea and Oesophagus and bifurcate at C4 at the superior margin of the thryroid cartilage into onternal and external branches. The external branches supplying structures of the head and neck on the outer skull and the internal carotid, entering the temporal bone through the carotid canal to supply the brain.
Where does the internal thoracic artery originate from and what does it supply?
It originates from the subclavian artery nd supplies the anterior rib cage, pericardium, pleura
