Cardiopulmonary Flashcards
% of total lung volume - ERV
15
% of total lung volume - IRV
50
% of total lung volume - FRC
40
% of total lung volume - VC
75
% of total lung volume - RV
25
% of total lung volume - IC
60
% of total lung volume - TV
10
% of total lung volume - TLC
100
Average tidal volume
500 mL
Normal Cardiac Output at Rest
4.5-5L
Normal BP
<120/80
PreHTN
120-139/80-89
HTN 1
140-159/90-99
HTN 2
> 160/100
Normal blood pH
7.4 (7.35-7.45)
Normal PaCO2
40 mm Hg (35-45)
Normal PaO2
97 mm Hg (80-100)
Normal SaO2
95-98%
Anginal Pain Scale - 1
Mild, barely noticeable
Anginal Pain Scale - 2
Moderate, bothersome
Anginal Pain Scale - 4
Most severe or intense pain ever
ABI >1.30
Rigid arteries, need to check for PAD
ABI 1-1.30
Normal
ABI 0.8-0.99
Mild blockage, beginnings of PAD
ABI 0.4-0.79
Mod blockage, may have intermittent claudication pain with exercise
ABI
Severe blockage, severe PAD, may have claudication pain at rest
Location to auscultate Aortic area
2nd IC space, right sternal border
Location to auscultate pulmonic area
2nd IC space, left sternal border
Location to auscultate mitral area
5th IC space, medial to midclavicular line on left side of chest
Location to auscultate tricuspid area
4th IC space, left sternal border
Normal HR - infant
100-130 bpm
Normal HR - child
80-100 bpm
Normal HR - adult
60-100 bpm
Pulse - 3+
Large or bounding
Pulse - 2+
Normal
Pulse - 1
Small or reduced
Pulse - 0
Absent
FEV1/FVC indicative of obstructive impairment
<70%
Normal FEV1
83%
Normal FEV1/FVC
> 80%
Anginal Pain Scale - 3
Moderately severe, very uncomfortable
S1 heart sound
“Lub”
Closure of AV valves at onset of ventricular systole
S2 heart sound
“Dub”
Closure of semilunar valves at onset of ventricular diastole
S3
“Ventricular gallop”
Abnormal in adults - HF
Normal in children
Vibration of distended ventricle during rapid filling during diastole
S4 heart sound
“Atrial gallop”
Abnormal - HTN, stenosis, heart disease
Vibration of ventricular wall during ventricular filling and atrial contraction
1st* Heart Block
PR interval > 0.2 sec
No major issues
May be med driven (digitalis, beta blockers, Ca2+ channel blockers)
2nd* heart block
Intermittent failure of conductance between atria and ventricles
Mobitz I - PR interval lengthens until impulse not conducted (generally not an issue)
Mobitz II - PR same and normal (may lower CO, may progress to 3rd* heart block)
3rd* heart block
All impulses at AV node blocked
Atria and ventricles paced independently
Emergency, requires pacemaker
Lung percussion sounds - flat or dull
Similar to sound elicited by percussing thigh mm.
In the upper lung, suggests neoplasm, atelectasis or consolidation of the lung
Lung percussion sounds - resonance
Normal lung
Lung percussion sounds - hyperresonance
Intermediate between resonance and tympany
Suggests emphysema or pneumothorax
Lung percussion sounds - tympany
Hollow sound
Suggests large pneumothorax
Pulse measurement - time to measure for regular rhythm
15 seconds
Pulse measurement - time to measure for irregular rhythm
60 seconds
Palpating dorsalis pedis pulse
Between 1st and 2nd MT bones
Rate Pressure Product
SBP * HR
Can be useful for those with stable angina in determining exercise rx - keep below RPP eliciting angina
Waist circumference - CVD, DM risk cutoff score
> 102 cm/40” for men
88 cm/35” for women
When exceeding these values, risk level one category higher than individual’s BMI indicates
CPR compression rate
At least 100/min
CPR compression depth - adults
At least 2”
CPR compression depth - children
At least 1/3 A/P depth
CPR compression depth - infants
At least 1/3 A/P depth
CPR Compression to ventilation ration - adults
30:2
CPR Compression to ventilation ration - children and infants
30: 2 if one rescuer
15: 2 if two rescuers
CPR ventilation with advanced airway
1 breath every 6-8 sec, 8-10 every minute
ECG - P wave signifies what?
Atrial depolarization
ECG - PR interval
Time for atrial depol to conduct from SA to AV node
0.12-0.20 seconds
ECG - QRS complex
Ventricular depol, atrial repol
Normal duration 0.06-0.10 sec
ECG - QT interval
Time for ventricular depol and repol
Normal 0.20-0.40 sec
ECG - ST segment
Isoelectric period following QRS when ventricles depol’ed
T wave
Ventricular repolarization
Waist to hip ratio
Measurement: -> Hip circumference at widest of buttocks -> Waist circumference over abdomen at narrowest diameter – iliac crest costal margin >0.90 for men = obese >0.85 for women = obese
Healthy body fat %
12-18% for males
18-23% for females
Muscle atrophy in older adults
Sarcopenia
Type 2 affected more than type 1
Acute MI and ECG changes
Acute myocardial infarction is associated with either ST elevation or ST depression