Cardiopulmonary

Question 1

What’s the preload?

Answer 1

Amount of blood in ventricle at end of diastole (LVEDV)
–> RIGHT BEFORE CONTRACTION

Question 2

What’s the afterload?

Answer 2

Force the LV must generate to overcome aortic pressure

Question 3

Stroke volume

Answer 3

Amount of blood ejected with each contraction

Question 4

Ejection fraction

Answer 4

% of blood ejected from total volume of ventricle
Normal= 55-75%

Question 5

Normal CV response to exercise

Answer 5

O2 up linearly
HR up linearly
SBP up linearly
DBP limited changes +-10mmHg
Tidal Volume and Resp rate up

Question 6

Isolated UE vs. LE exercise response

Answer 6

UE>LE response in HR/BP in exercises
-> more mass in LE + UE exercises causes vasoconstriction in LE-> incr. HR/BP

Question 7

Abnormal Responses to Exercise
(Yellow Flag)

Answer 7

Moderate to severe/increasing angina
Marked dyspnea 3-4/4
Dizziness/lightheadedness/ ataxia
Cyanosis/ excessive fatigue/ claudication/ blunted BP response/ hypertensive BP(>240/10)/ SBP drop of 10-15/significant EKG change

Question 8

Normal Vagus Nerve activation causes

Answer 8

Parasympathetic inner action
Decrease BP/HR

Question 9

Abnormal causes for Vagus Nerve activation

Answer 9

Valsalva Maneuver
Carotid sinus massage
Excessive Pain (shock)

Question 10

“If it’s less than 8, don’t ambulate”, refer to?

Answer 10

Hemoglobin

Question 11

“Tri before you bi”, refers to

Answer 11

Tricuspid and bicuspid valve

Question 12

Normal Heart Rate newborn

Answer 12

120-140

Question 13

Normal Heart rate >18years

Answer 13

60-100

Question 14

S1 sound

Answer 14

=normal Heart sound
AV valve closure (=onset systole)

Question 15

S2 Heart sound

Answer 15

= normal
Semilunar valve/pulmonary-aortic closure
= Onset diastole

Question 16

S3 sound

Answer 16

=abnormal
Extrasound in early diastole
CHF/Athletes

Question 17

S4 heart sound

Answer 17

= 2nd abnormal heart sound
I’m late diastole (atrial gallop)
- MI or hypertension

Question 18

Elevated Blood Pressure

Answer 18

120-129 AND <80

Question 19

Stage 1 Hypertension

Answer 19

130-139 OR 80-89

Question 20

Stage 2 Hypertension

Answer 20

> 140 OR >90

Question 21

Normal Clotting time

Answer 21

INR = 0,8-1,2

Question 22

Therapeutic clotting time

Answer 22

2.0-3.0

Question 23

Normal white blood cell count

Answer 23

5.0-10.0

Question 24

Leukocytosis

Answer 24

Increased WBC count
>11
Infections, leukemia, sickle cell…

Question 25

Leukopenia

Answer 25

Low WBC
<4.0
Viral inf./chemo/ autoimmune diseases

Question 26

Neutropenia

Answer 26

Lowest WBC count
<1,5
0,5-1 = moderate
<0,5 = severe
Radiation/ infections/stem cell disease

Question 27

Platelet counts

Answer 27

Normal 140-440
Low <150 risk of bleeding
High >450 risk of clotting

Question 28

Hemoglobin normal

Answer 28

Normal 15
Male 14-17
Female 12-16

Question 29

Increased Hemoglobin can be caused by?

Answer 29

Burns, COPD, CHF, Severe dehydration

Question 30

Decreased Hemoglobin/Anemia can cause ?

Answer 30

Blood cell destruction

Question 31

Hematocrit normal

Answer 31

~45
Male 42-52%
Female 37-47%

Question 32

Which blood count abnormality can cause Orthostatic Hypotension?

Answer 32

A low hematocrit 25%

Question 33

A Pt with increased Hematocrit can be at risk for?

Answer 33

Spontaneous blood clotting
>60%

Question 34

When is Cardiac Rehab indicated?

Answer 34

Stable angina
Stable post-MI
CABG
Heart transplant
Valve surgeries
Stable heart failure
PAD,CAD