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ANATOMY > CARDIOPULMONARY > Flashcards

CARDIOPULMONARY Flashcards

1
Q

Which valve separates left atrium from left
ventricle
A. Mitral
B. Pulmonary
C. Tricuspid
D. Aortic

A

A. Mitral

Pulmonary right vent to lungs
Tricuspid right A vs R vent Aortic left vent to body

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2
Q

Which of the following lists of valves will the
blood flow through from the vena cava into the
heart?

A

Tricuspid valve, pulmonic valve,
mitral valve, aortic valve

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3
Q

Which of the components of the heart
conduction systems have the slowest rate of
firing?
A. AV node
B. AV bundle
C. bundle branches
D. Purkinje fibers

A

D. Purkinje fibers

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4
Q

The Myocardium would be thickest at?
A. R Atrium
B. R Ventricle
C. L Atrium
D. L Ventricle

A

D. L Ventricle

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5
Q

This heart valve is best heard at left lower of the
sternum near the fifth intercostal space
A. Aortic valve
B. Tricuspid valve
C. Pulmonic valve
D. Mitral valve

A

D. Mitral valve

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6
Q

Adheres to the heart and form the outer
covering
A. Endocardium
B. Epicardium
C. Fibrous pericardium
D. Serous parietal layer

A

B. Epicardium (visceral layer)

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7
Q

Valves that are not closed during systole:
A. Mitral
B. AV valve
C. Tricuspid valve
D. Semilunar

A

D. Semilunar

Semilunar = aortic and pulmonary valves

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8
Q

The ff is seen overlying the coronary sulcus
except:
A. Right coronary artery
B. Coronary sinus
C. Left coronary artery
D. Circumflex branch of left coronary artery

A

C. Left coronary artery

Coronary Sulcus
- right coronary artery
- small cardiac vein
- coronary sinus
- circumflex artery

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9
Q

Which structure accompanies posterior
interventricular arteries?
A. middle cardiac vein
B. great cardiac vein
C. small cardiac vein
D. marginal vein

A

A. middle cardiac vein

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10
Q

The ff structures will drain into the right atrium
except:
A. Superior vena cava
B. Coronary sinus
C. Inferior vena cava
D. Foramen of the venae cordis minimae
E. No exceptions

A

E. No exceptions

A. Superior vena cava- True
B. Coronary sinus- True
C. Inferior vena cava- True
D. Foramen of the venae cordis minimae- True

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11
Q

Sinus venarum is found in this chamber:
A. Right atrium
B. left atrium
C. Right ventricle
D. Left ventricle

A

A. Right atrium

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12
Q

A patient presented with machinery gibson-like
murmur upon auscultation at the cardiothoracic
area. What would be responsible for the
findings?
A. Atrial Septal Defect
B. Ventricular Septal Defect
C. Patent Ductus Arteriosus
D. Patent Ductus Venosus

A

D. Patent Ductus Venosus

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13
Q

Most common affected area of Ventricular
Septal Defect (VSD)
A. Fossa Ovalis
B. Muscular Area
C. Membranous Area
D. Both B&C

A

C. Membranous Area

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14
Q

Most common site for arterial occlusion leading
to acute myocardial infarction?
A. Right Coronary artery
B. Left Coronary Artery

A

B. Left Coronary Artery

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15
Q

Fracture From the sternal angle to 1 inch above
xiphoid process which is involved?
A. Anterior mediastinum
B. Middle mediastinum
C. Posterior mediastinum
D. Superior mediastinum

A

A. Anterior mediastinum

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16
Q

Layers pierced by the needle before reaching
pericardial fluid

A

Fibrous pericardium - parietal layer
of serous pericardium

Fibrous pericardium -> Serous pericardium (parietal layer) -> Pericardial cavity -> Serous pericardium (visceral layer) -> myocardium -> endocardium

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17
Q

These muscle fibers appear to run downwards
and medially or forwards and attach to the rib
below:
A. External intercostals
B. Innermost internal
C. Internal intercostal
D. Subcostal

A

A. External intercostals

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18
Q

Which of the following gives rise to the
intercostobrachial nerve:
A. 1st intercostal nerve
B. 2nd intercostal nerve
C. Subcostal nerve
D. 10th intercostal nerve

A

B. 2nd intercostal nerve

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19
Q

Muscles that elevates the ribs:
A. External intercostal ms
B. Subcostals ms
C. Internal intercostals ms

A

A. External intercostal ms

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20
Q

Responsible for rib depression during expiration except:
A. Levatores costarum muscle
B. Sternocostalis muscle
C. Subcostalis muscle
D. Internal intercostal muscle

A

A. Levatores costarum muscle

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21
Q

True:
A. Anterior thoracic area is supplied by lateral
intercostal vessels
B. Upper 6 anterior vessels arise from the
internal thoracic A
C. Lower 9 posterior vessels arise from the
musculophrenic A
D. 1st and 2nd posterior intercostal A arise from
costocervical trunk

A

D. 1st and 2nd posterior intercostal A arise from
costocervical trunk

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22
Q

Where does the 1st posterior intercostal vein
drain?
A. Azygos vein
B. Subclavian vein
C. Innominate vein
D. Superior intercostal vein - union of 2nd and
3rd post. Intercostal vein

A

C. Innominate vein

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23
Q

Superior border of the superior mediastinum
A. Thoracic inlet
B. Thymus
C. Thoracic outlet
D. Clavicle

A

A. Thoracic inlet

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24
Q

During inspiration:
A. Decrease intrathoracic pressure
B. Decreased intrathoracic volume
C. Ribs move down
D. Diaphragm moves up

A

A. Decrease intrathoracic pressure

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25
Q

This covers the internal surface of the thoracic
cavity, lines the pulmonary cavities, adheres to
the thoracic wall, mediastinum, and diaphragm.
A. Visceral pleura
B.
C. Parietal Pleura
D. Simple squamous epithelium

A

C. Parietal Pleura

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26
Q

Provides the arterial supply of the visceral
pleura

A

Bronchial Artery

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27
Q

The lung hilum is located in what surface
A. Mediastinum surface
B. Costal surface
C. Diaphragmatic surface
D. Inferior surface

A

A. Mediastinum surface

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28
Q

Nerve fiber causes relaxation of bronchi smooth muscle and vasoconstriction of bronchi vessels
A. Sympathetic
B. Vagus
C. Parasympathetic
D. Visceral afferent

A

A. Sympathetic

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29
Q

In the general arrangement of the roots of the hilum, which structure is the anterior most?
A. inferior pulmonary vein
B. superior pulmonary vein
C. main bronchus
D. pulmonary artery

A

B. superior pulmonary vein

inferior pulmonary vein (inferior most)
main bronchus (middle of the posterior boundary)
pulmonary artery (superior most)

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30
Q

True of Parietal Layer
A. Sensitive to Pain, Temperature
B. Innervated by pulmonary plexus (visceral)
C. Blood supply is Intercostal arteries
D. A and C

A

D. A and C

A. Sensitive to Pain, Temperature
C. Blood supply is Intercostal arteries

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31
Q

True of left bronchus
A. Shorter- right
B. supported by C shaped cartilage-both
C. 20-30-right
D. More vertical-right

A

B. supported by C shaped cartilage

A. Shorter- right lung
B. supported by C shaped cartilage-both
C. 20-30-right lung
D. More vertical-right lung

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32
Q

Subdivision of lobe that is a functional unit of
lungs:
A. Segment
B. Bronchopulmonary segment
C. Alveoli

A

B. Bronchopulmonary segment

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33
Q

Surfactant lipoproteins are produced by:
A. Alveolar cells
B. Goblet cells
C. Club cell

A

C. Club cell

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34
Q

TRUE of neurovascular supply of trachea
a. sensory is provided by vagus and
recurrent laryngeal nerve
b. thyroidea ima is always present and most
important vascular supply
c. trach fok forgot
d. A and C

A

d. A and C

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35
Q

Lymph drainage of the trachea:
A. Deep cervical node
B. Inferior Thoraco Brachial node
C. Superior Thoraco Brachial node
D. B&C

A

A. Deep cervical node

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36
Q

During respiratory development,at what week
does terminal sac begin?
A. 8wk
B. 20wk
C. 16wk
D. 26wk

A

D. 26wk

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37
Q

Pulmonary surfactant lining the alveoli produced
by what type of cells?
A. Goblet cells
B. Type 2 pneumocyte
C. SSE cells
D. Type 1 pneumocyte

A

B. Type 2 pneumocyte

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38
Q

Carries deoxygenated blood to the
bronchopulmonary segment
A. Segmental Artery
B. Intersegmental Vein
C. Intersegmental Artery
D . Segmental Vein

A

A. Segmental Artery

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39
Q

Are tiny filled pockets with thin walls of simple
squamous epithelium and are the sites of
gaseous exchange:
A. Bronchiole
B. Trachea
C. Alveoli
D. Lungs

A

C. Alveoli

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40
Q

True for trachea:
A. Immobile cartilaginous and membranous tube
B. Begins in the neck at the lower border of the
cricoid cartilage of the 4th cervical vertebra
C. Posterior free end of the cartilage are
connected by trachealis muscle
D. All of the above

A

C. Posterior free end of the cartilage
are connected by trachealis muscle

A. false, should be mobile
B. false, should be at the level of the 6th cervical
vertebra

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41
Q

The auscultatory area for listening to the aortic area:
A. Right 2nd intercostal space
B. Left 4th intercostal space
C. Left 5th intercostal space
D. Left 2nd intercostal space

A

A. Right 2nd intercostal space

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42
Q

The origin of the coronary arteries are located within these valves
A. Tricuspid valve
B. Pulmonary semilunar valves
C. Aortic valves
D. Mitral valve

A

C. Aortic valves

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43
Q

The fibroserous sac surrounding the heart and the roots of the great vessels
A. Pericardium
B. Myocardium
C. Epicardium
D. None of the above

A

A. Pericardium

44
Q

Where are the Heart and pericardium located:
A. Anterior mediastinum
B. Posterior mediastinum
C. Middle mediastinum
D. Superior mediastinum

A

C. Middle mediastinum

45
Q

Unoxygenated blood leaves from the right atrium to right ventricle passing by:
A. Mitral valve
B. Tricuspid valve
C. Aortic valve
D. Pulmonary valve

A

B. Tricuspid valve

46
Q

A congenital anomaly of the interatrial septum. due to incomplete closure of foramen
ovale
A. Ventricular septal defect
B. Atrial septal defect
C. Tetralogy of Fallot
D. Coarctation of aorta

A

B. Atrial septal defect

47
Q

Oxygenated blood leaves the left atrium to the left ventricle via:
A. Tricuspid valve
B. Aortic valve
C. Pulmonary valve
D. Mitral valve

A

D. Mitral valve

48
Q

The arterial supply of the pericardium derived from the Internal thoracic artery:
A. Pericardiophrenic artery
B. Pericardial artery
C. Musculophrenic artery
D. Coronary arteries

A

A. Pericardiophrenic artery

49
Q

The valves that close during the diastole:
A. Tricuspid valve
B. Semilunar valves
C. Mitral valve
D. AV valves

A

B. Semilunar valves

50
Q

The Sinoatrial node is located at:
A. Base of the right atrium near septum
B. Right atrium near SVC opening
C. Superior vena cava
D. Interventricular septum

A

B. Right atrium near SVC opening

51
Q

The major vein that drains the heart:
A. Great cardiac vein
B. Coronary sinus
C. Small vein
D. Middle vein

A

B. Coronary sinus

52
Q

An important surgical landmark in the mediastinum:
A. Oblique pericardial sinus
B. Transverse pericardial sinus
C. Aortic arch
D. Sternal angle of louis

A

B. Transverse pericardial sinus

53
Q

The apex of the heart is mainly formed by the:
A. Left atrium
B. Left ventricle
C. Right ventricle and right atrium
D. Right ventricle

A

B. Left ventricle

54
Q

A male vendor came to the clinic due to difficulty breathing.
On chest X-ray, haziness of the R middle lobe was identified.
What pulmonary segments supply this area:
A. R apical, posterior and anterior tertiary bronchus
B. R apical, posterior, anterior and medial tertiary
bronchus
C. R lateral and medial tertiary bronchus
D. R apical, lateral and medial tertiary bronchus

A

C. R lateral and medial tertiary bronchus

55
Q

At which level of the costal cartilage posteriorly does the
anterior border of the lung deeply notched by the
pericardium?
A. 5th costal cartilage
B. 4th costal cartilage
C. 6th costal cartilage
D. 2nd costal cartilage

A

A. 5th costal cartilage

56
Q

Which of the following structures is not seen in the (L) lung?

A. Pulmonary ligament
B. groove for the descending aorta
C. cardiac impression
D. horizontal fissure

A

D. horizontal fissure

57
Q

A large depressed area in the lung where most or the great
structures leave and enter:
A. hilum
B. cardiac notch
C. cardiac impression
D. Lingula

A

A. hilum

58
Q

When there is a need to collect pleural fluid for diagnostic
studies, where is the most likely site of
puncture for fluid extraction?
A. between 6th and 7th rib
B. between 7th and 8th rib
C. between 10th and 11th rib
D. Between 8th and 10th rib

A

D. Between 8th and 10th rib

59
Q

A patient was rushed to the E.R due to a stabbing injury. V/S were noted to be unstable and the patient was noted to have
laboured breathing. On examination a penetrating puncture wound was noted in an area over the (R) anterior chest wall
lateral to the sternum mid -clavicular line one inch above thenipple.
Which part of the lung is most likely hit?
A. (R) costomediastinal recess
B. (R) superior lobe
C. (R) middle lobe
D. (R) inferior lobe

A

C. (R) middle lobe

60
Q

The posterior intercostal arteries arise from which of the following?
A. costocervical trunk
B. musculophrenic artery
C. costophrenic artery
D. internal thoracic artery

A

A. costocervical trunk

60
Q

True of the apex of the lungs except.

A. reaches 1-cm above the medial 3rd or clavicle
B. has groove for subclavian vein
C. concave and semilunar
D. covered by cervical pleura

A

C. concave and semilunar

61
Q

Innervation of the diaphragmatic pleura is by..

A. recurrent laryngeal nerve
B. Phrenic nerve
C. intercostal nerve
D. Vagus nerve

A

B. Phrenic nerve

62
Q
A
63
Q

What is the parasympathetic innervation of the lung?

A. Phrenic nerve
B. glossopharyngeal nerve
C. Vagus nerve
D. Recurrent laryngeal nerve

A

C. Vagus nerve

63
Q

The following structures give rise to the posterior intercostal
arteries except…
A. internal thoracic artery
B. descending aorta
C. subclavian artery
D. none

A

A. internal thoracic artery

Posterior intercostal arteries of 3rd-11th intercostal spaces arise posteriorly from thoracic aorta

Posterior intercostal arteries of 1st and 2nd intercostal spaces arise from supreme (superior) intercostal artery, a branch of costocervical trunk of subclavian artery

63
Q

What is the blood supply of the ® middle lobe?

A. (R) pulmonary vein
B. (R) superior bronchial artery
C. (R) pulmonary artery
D. (R) bronchial artery

A

D. (R) bronchial artery

64
Q

Which of the following best describes the lungs?

A. both lungs have apex, base, costal, medial surfaces and three lobes
B. both are of the same weight and are separated from each other by a mediastinum
C. both has the horizontal fissure which allows pleura to extend so that the lungs can move freely
D. both are enclosed by a parietal pleura and are
separated from each other by a mediastinum

A

D. both are enclosed by a parietal pleura and are
separated from each other by a mediastinum

65
Q

True of the horizontal fissure.

A. runs horizontally backwards to meet the oblique fissure at the midclavicular line
B. extends from the anterior margin of the 6th costal cartilage
C. the pulmonary ligament extends into the fissure so
that the lungs can move freely during inspiration
D. can be seen in both lungs

A

A. runs horizontally backwards to meet the oblique fissure at the midclavicular line

66
Q

Which of the ff is not important in
preventing backflow:
A. Chordae tendineae
B. AV valves
C. Papillary muscles
D. Endocardium

A

D. Endocardium

67
Q

Boundary of middle mediastinum
A. Epicardium
B. Fibrous pericardium
C. Myocardium
D. Serous pericardium

A

B. Fibrous pericardium

68
Q

Which anatomical landmark
separates the artery from the veins
of the heart?
A. Costodiaphragmatic recess
B. Oblique pericardial sinus
C. Transverse pericardial sinus
D. Both B and C only

A

C. Transverse pericardial sinus

69
Q

Which structure corresponds to the
base of the heart?
A) Right Ventricle
B) Left Atrium
C) Right Atrium
D) Left Ventricle

A

B) Left Atrium

70
Q

Externally, what structure
demarcates the atria from the ventricles?
A) Interventricular Septum
B) Coronary Sulcus
C) Crista Terminalis
D) Interatrial Septum

A

B) Coronary Sulcus

71
Q

Crista terminalis is found in which
chamber of the heart?
A) Right Ventricle
B) Left Atrium
C) Right Atrium
D) Left Ventricle

A

C) Right Atrium

72
Q

Structures of Right Ventricle
A) Septomarginal band
B) Trabeculae carneae
C) Anterior, Posterior, Septal Papillary
Muscles
D) AOTA

A

D) AOTA

73
Q

Dominance of the coronary arterial system is defined by which artery gives rise to what structure
A) Anterior Interventricular (IV) Artery
B) Circumflex Artery
C) Posterior Interventricular (IV) Artery
D) Left Marginal Artery

A

C) Posterior Interventricular (IV) Artery

74
Q

Which of the following structures is NOT typically found in the coronary
sulcus?
A) Right coronary artery
B) Coronary sinus
C) Circumflex branch of the left
coronary artery
D) Middle cardiac vein
E) No exceptions

A

D) Middle cardiac vein

75
Q

The second heart sound is due to:
A. Opening of semilunar valves
B. Opening AV valve
C. Closure of semilunar valves
D. Closure of AV valves

A

C. Closure of semilunar valves

First heart sound- AV valves = tricuspid and
mitral/bicuspid valves
Second heart sound - semilunar valves =
aortic and pulmonary valves

76
Q

Which of the following does NOT drain into the coronary sinus?
A) Great cardiac vein
B) Small cardiac vein
C) Middle cardiac vein
D) Vena cordis minimae

A

D) Vena cordis minimae

77
Q

These structures are found in the superior mediastinum, except?
a. Thymus
b. Phrenic nerve
c. Trachea
d. Azygous vein

A

d. Azygous vein

78
Q

Which valve surrounds the superior vena cava (SVC)?
A) Thebesian valve
B) Eustachian valve
C) Valve of Aurantii
D) None of the above

A

D) None of the above

Thebesian valves - coronary sinus
Eustachian valve - inferior vena cava

79
Q

16.This structure is found in the moderator band?
A) AV bundle
B) Bundle of His
C) Right branch of AV bundle
D) Left branch of AV bundle

A

C) Right branch of AV bundle

80
Q

The following are seen in cardiac tamponade, except:
A. Engorged neck veins
B. Distant heart sounds
C. Hypotension
D. Absent breathing sounds

A

D. Absent breathing sounds

81
Q

Anatomical valve area of tricuspid
valve
A. 3rd costal
B. Left 4th ICS
C. Sternal margin of 3rd ICS
D. 4th and 5th costal and 4th ICS

A

D. 4th and 5th costal and 4th ICS

82
Q

Most commonly affected artery in
MI
A. RCA
B. Circumflex branch of LCA
C. LAD
D. Posterior IV branch

A

C. LAD

82
Q

A patient came in the ER with chest pain and ECG showing ST elevation
in II, III, AVF (inferior wall MI). What is the blood supply of the inferior wall?
A. L Anterior Descending A
B. Posterior Descending A
C. RCA
D. LCA

A

C. RCA

83
Q

Which of the following is the terminal branch of the internal thoracic artery.
A. Musculophroenic Artery
B. Coronary Artery
C. Pericardiacophrenic Artery
D. Superior Phrenic Artery

A

A. Musculophroenic Artery

84
Q

The remnant of the embryological
left SVC:
A. Coronary sinus
B. Vein of Marshall
C. Middle cardiac vein
D. Great cardiac vein

A

B. Vein of Marshall

85
Q

Which papillary muscle is the largest
A) Anterior
B) Posterior
C) Septal
D) A and B

A

A) Anterior

86
Q

What is the structure responsible for
tightening the semilunar valve?
A. Papillary muscles
B. Chordae tendineae
C. Trabeculae carneae
D. Annulus fibrosus

A

D. Annulus fibrosus

Annulus fibrosus
(Fibrous ring)

87
Q

26-30. Match muscle to action.
Choices:
A. Elevates the ribs
B. Depresses ribs
C. Assists in weight lifting
D. Weakly depresses the ribs
E. Assists the external and internal
intercostals

A

Innermost intercostal - Assists the external and
internal intercostals

Posterior inferior serratus - Depresses ribs

Transversus thoracis - Weakly depresses the ribs

External intercostal - Elevates the ribs

Diaphragm - Assists in weight lifting

88
Q

Innervation of Accessory Phrenic Nerve Before merging with the
Phrenic Nerve (non verbatim)
A. Subclavius
B. Diaphragm
C. Intercostals
D. Pectoralis Major

A

A. Subclavius

89
Q

During surgery, a surgeon
accidentally damages the structure passing through the diaphragmatic
chuchu at the level of the 8th thoracic vertebra, what complication is the patient likely to
experience?
A. Respiratory distress
B. Cardiac Arrhythmias
C. Venous return
D. A&B

A

C. Venous return

Caval hiatus = vena cava = 8 letters = 8th thoracic vertebra

90
Q

A patient complained of frequent heartburns and regurgitation of stomach contents. Which
complication is described that may need surgery? (non verbatim)
A. Traumatic diaphragmatic hernia
B. Lumbar Hernia
C. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
D. Hiatal hernia
E. All of the above

A

D. Hiatal hernia

91
Q

How many lobes and fissures of the right lung are present?
A. 3 lobes, 2 fissures
B. 2 lobes, 3 fissures
C. 2 lobes, 2 fissures
D. 3 lobes, 3 fissures

A

A. 3 lobes, 2 fissures

92
Q

Usually, the right lung can be described as:
A. Heavier and larger than left lung
B. Shorter and wider than left lung
C. Both A and B
D. None of the above

A

C. Both A and B

A. Heavier and larger than left lung
B. Shorter and wider than left lung

93
Q

This is the inferior surface of a lung which accommodates the ipsilateral dome of the diaphragm:
A. Apex
B. Inferior border
C. Base
D. Horizontal fissure

A

C. Base

94
Q

The cardiac notch shapes the most inferior and anterior part of the
superior lobe of the left lung into thin tongue like process called:
A. Left oblique fissure
B. Cupula
C. Horizontal fissure
D. Lingula

A

D. Lingula

95
Q

The left lung has how many lobes
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4

A

B. 2

96
Q

Which of the following is true about
trachea?
A.
B. It bifurcates at the level of the manubriosternal joint
C. It terminates behind the heart
D. It bifurcates in the level of the
xiphoid process

A

B. It bifurcates at the level of the manubriosternal joint

97
Q

Elongated airways densely lined with alveoli, leading to common spaces called alveolar sacs, into
which clusters of alveoli open
A. Termination bronchiole
B. Alveoli
C. Respiratory bronchiole
D. Alveolar ducts

A

D. Alveolar ducts

98
Q

The pulmonary artery:
A. Carries venous blood to the lungs
B. Arises from the aorta
C. Carries oxygenated blood from the
lungs
D. Receives blood from the bronchopulmonary segments as it
runs towards the hilum

A

A. Carries venous blood to the lungs

99
Q

These supply blood for nutrients to the roots of the lungs, supporting
tissues of lungs and visceral pleura.
A. Bronchial Artery
B. Bronchial Vein
C. Pulmonary Artery
D. Pulmonary Vein

A

A. Bronchial Artery

100
Q

True about subpleural lymphatic plexus
A. Drains the structures that form the root of the lung
B. Drains the lung parenchyma and
visceral pleura
C. Drains initially into the intrinsic pulmonary lymph nodes
D. Lies deep to parietal pleura

A

B. Drains the lung parenchyma and
visceral pleura

101
Q

true of intervertebral joint except it is symphysis
A. Involves t1 and t2 vertebrae
B. Associated with anterior and posterior
longitudinal ligaments
C. Adjacent vertebrae are bound by
radiate ligament

A

C. Adjacent vertebrae are bound by radiate ligament

  • it should be longitudinal ligament
102
Q

sternoclavicular joint is a

A

Saddle type of synovial joint

ANATOMY (4 decks)

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