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OTA 233 > CardioPulm Quiz > Flashcards

CardioPulm Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

Ischemia

A

inadequate blood and oxygen supply of tissues

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2
Q

Arhythmia- disturbances in heart rhythm

A

disturbances in heart rhythm

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3
Q

Syncope

A

passing out

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4
Q

Pre-syncope

A

dizziness, loss of vision, nausea, weakness, sweating and palpation

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5
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

build up of fatty substances on the inner walls of the arteries

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6
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

hardening of the arteries

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7
Q

Angina

A

chest pain

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8
Q
  • Cardiac Risk Factors:
A
  • Unchangeable factors: heredity, male gender and age
  • Changeable factors: cholestorol, cigarette smoking, high blood pressure and inactive lifestyle
  • Contributing factores: diabetest, stress and obesity
  • Factors associated with left ventricular enlargement: smoking, diabetes, hypertension and excessive weight
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9
Q
  • CVC -Cardiovascular disease:
A
  • Atherosclerosis: walls of the arteries become injured
  • damaged walls collect plaque and platelets
  • artery becomes clogged
  • atherosclerotic CVD is the leading cause of death in US
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10
Q
  • CAD- Coronary Artery Disease:
A
  • Atherosclerosis of the arteries supplying the heart muscle
  • causes ischemia of the heart
  • angina is a symptom
  • rest and or medication may relieve the pain but angina is the main warning sign
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11
Q
  • MI: Myocardial Infraction: aka heart attack
A
  • chest pain that is not relieved is indicative of MI
  • part of the heart muscle dies
  • damage could cause the heart to stop cardiac arrest
  • rehabilitation requires a glance of rest and graded exercise
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12
Q
  • Valvular Disease
A
  • heart valve damage may be caused by disease or infection
    * result of valve damage
  • Congestive Heart Failure CHF- ischemia, volume and or pressure overload
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13
Q
  • Aortic Valve stenosis
A
  • pressure overload
  • ventricular arrhthmia, cerebral insufficiency, confusion, syncope, and possible sudden death
  • May require surgery
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14
Q
  • Medical Management
A
  • Emergency room:
  • asprin, intravenous IV fibrinolytic therapy, possible surgery to restore blood flow
  • Surgical options for CAD
  • balloon angioplasty- percutanous transluminal coronary angioplasty
  • coronary artery bypass grafts
  • heart transplant
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15
Q
  • Cardiac Cathererization
A
  • an x-ray guided catheter is inserted into an artery and advanced to the area of the heart
  • Angioplasty- PTCA: using a balloon-tipped catheter, it can be opened in the area of the blockage to compress the blockage and widen artery
  • Stent placement: a small metal mesh tube that is inserted to provide support inside the coronary artery
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16
Q
  • Coronary Artery Bypass Graft:
A
  • often used when medications have failed or when a blockage is life threatening
  • when a vein from elsewhere -leg/arm- or an artery from your chest wall is used to bypass or detour around any blocked arteries to allow blood to flow freely and bring oxygen-rich blood to the body
17
Q
  • Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Precaution
A
  • Sternal Precautions: allow for sternum to heal
  • no lifting arms above shoulder height
  • no lifting, pushing or pulling 5-10#
  • no twisting of trunk
  • no reaching behind your back- careful with toiling
  • no holding your breath during activities
  • no driving or sitting in passengers seat with airbag
18
Q
  • Congestive Heart Failure
A
  • the heart is not pumping as efficiently as if should
    * causes a build up of fluid
    * symptoms include
       * fatigue, tiredness, loss of energy
   * shortness of breath
   * loss of appetite
   * weight gain
   * decreased urination during the day, increased at night 
   * swollen ankles or feet
19
Q
  • Arrhythmia:
A
  • disturbances in the heartbeat that cause it to beat to the fast or too slow
    * problem with electrical system of the heart
    * Symptoms:
       * feeling of fluttering in your chest of heart skipping a beat
   * lightheadedness, dizziness
   * shortness of breath
   * sometimes there are no symptoms

* Treatment:
   * medications, cardioversion, AICD ( automatic implatable defribillators), pacemaker, surgery
20
Q

Atrial Fibrillation:

A
  • common heart rhythm disturbance
    * rapid, chaotic rhythm that originates from multiple sites within both atria- causes abnormal impulses to ventricles so the heartbeat is irregular
    * a flutter rapid fire of electrical impulse but the heart rhythm is more regular or organized
21
Q
  • Pacemaker:
A
  • battery powered devices
    * that sends electrical impulses via tiny wires to the heart
    * used when heart rate becomes too slow or irregular in rhythm and not able to pump effectively
22
Q
  • Precautions after Pacemaker
A
  • no isometrics includes MMT
  • limit shoulder AROM < 90* in flexion and abduction
    • avoid end range horizontal abduction
23
Q
  • Cardiac Rehabilitation
A
  • focus of rehabilitation for CAD
    * improve cardiac condition
    * improve physical conditioning
    * reduce symptoms of cardiac distress
    * improve overall health
    * prevent cardiac problems
24
Q

3 Phases of Rehab after MI

A
  • Acute Phase:
    * stabilization of medical condition
    * Phase 1: Inpatient Rehab
       * monitored low level activity
   * instruction in precautions
   * energy conservation
   * graded activity
   * guidelines for discharge activities

* Phase 2: 

   * Outpatient Rehab
   * exercise is advanced with close monitoring

* Phase 3:
   * community-based exercise program

      * procedure if patient has cardiac distress during activity
      * stop activity and have patient rest
      * seek medical help is symptoms continue
      * report symptoms to the team
      * modify future activity
25
Q
  • Tools for Measuring Response to Activity
A
  • Heart rate:
  • palpating radial, brachial, or carotid pulse
    * a change from regular to irregular heart rate should be reported to physician
  • Blood pressure:
  • rate pressure product
  • product of heart rate and systolic blood pressure
  • increases during activity
  • returns to baseline during recovery
  • BORG exertion scale
  • METs Metabolic Equivalent Table
26
Q
  • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder
A
  • is a group of disease
  • empysema, peripheral airway disease, bronchitis
  • common signs of COPD
  • coughing, shortness of breath, and fatigue
  • onset of COPD is typically gradual
  • dyspnea on exertion evolves to dyspnea at rest
  • risk factors:
  • smoking, environmental irritants, and chemical exposure
27
Q
  • Medical Management COPD
A
  • anti-inflammatory agents
  • bronchodilators
  • help open airways
  • expectorants
  • help loosens and clear mucus
  • oxygen therapy
  • ventilators
  • provides mechanical assist to the process of inspiration
  • used for people with acute respiratory distress
  • ventilatory, CPAP, biPAP
28
Q
  • Pulmonary Rehabilitation Treatment Techniques
A
  • Dyspnea control postures:
  • sitting: bend forward from the waist and support upper body with the forearms on the table or thighs
  • standing: lean forward and prop the body on a counter
  • Pursed lips breathing:
       * inhale through the nose
   * exhale through pursed lips
   * take twice as long to exhale as to inhale
29
Q
  • OT Treatment of Cardiopulmonary Dysfunction
A
  • Monitor HR, BP, pulse oximetry, and signs of cardiac and respiratory distress during functional activity and postural changes
    * Safe progression of activity is based on the energy cost of the activity and the patients response
       * as the demands of an activity increased, more oxygen is needed
   * activity choice is guided by metabolic equivalent table MET
   * breathing strategies and dyspnea control postures are incorporated into pulmonary rehabilitation
   * duration of the activity must be considered
   * return to sexual activity is a major concern

      * providing information can decrease anxiety
      * heart medication may affect libido

   * energy conservation and work simplification
      * exhaling should occur with exertion
   * patient and family education

OTA 233 (3 decks)

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