CardioPulm Quiz Flashcards
1
Q
Ischemia
A
inadequate blood and oxygen supply of tissues
2
Q
Arhythmia- disturbances in heart rhythm
A
disturbances in heart rhythm
3
Q
Syncope
A
passing out
4
Q
Pre-syncope
A
dizziness, loss of vision, nausea, weakness, sweating and palpation
5
Q
Atherosclerosis
A
build up of fatty substances on the inner walls of the arteries
6
Q
Arteriosclerosis
A
hardening of the arteries
7
Q
Angina
A
chest pain
8
Q
- Cardiac Risk Factors:
A
- Unchangeable factors: heredity, male gender and age
- Changeable factors: cholestorol, cigarette smoking, high blood pressure and inactive lifestyle
- Contributing factores: diabetest, stress and obesity
- Factors associated with left ventricular enlargement: smoking, diabetes, hypertension and excessive weight
9
Q
- CVC -Cardiovascular disease:
A
- Atherosclerosis: walls of the arteries become injured
- damaged walls collect plaque and platelets
- artery becomes clogged
- atherosclerotic CVD is the leading cause of death in US
10
Q
- CAD- Coronary Artery Disease:
A
- Atherosclerosis of the arteries supplying the heart muscle
- causes ischemia of the heart
- angina is a symptom
- rest and or medication may relieve the pain but angina is the main warning sign
11
Q
- MI: Myocardial Infraction: aka heart attack
A
- chest pain that is not relieved is indicative of MI
- part of the heart muscle dies
- damage could cause the heart to stop cardiac arrest
- rehabilitation requires a glance of rest and graded exercise
12
Q
- Valvular Disease
A
- heart valve damage may be caused by disease or infection
* result of valve damage - Congestive Heart Failure CHF- ischemia, volume and or pressure overload
13
Q
- Aortic Valve stenosis
A
- pressure overload
- ventricular arrhthmia, cerebral insufficiency, confusion, syncope, and possible sudden death
- May require surgery
14
Q
- Medical Management
A
- Emergency room:
- asprin, intravenous IV fibrinolytic therapy, possible surgery to restore blood flow
- Surgical options for CAD
- balloon angioplasty- percutanous transluminal coronary angioplasty
- coronary artery bypass grafts
- heart transplant
15
Q
- Cardiac Cathererization
A
- an x-ray guided catheter is inserted into an artery and advanced to the area of the heart
- Angioplasty- PTCA: using a balloon-tipped catheter, it can be opened in the area of the blockage to compress the blockage and widen artery
- Stent placement: a small metal mesh tube that is inserted to provide support inside the coronary artery
16
Q
- Coronary Artery Bypass Graft:
A
- often used when medications have failed or when a blockage is life threatening
- when a vein from elsewhere -leg/arm- or an artery from your chest wall is used to bypass or detour around any blocked arteries to allow blood to flow freely and bring oxygen-rich blood to the body
17
Q
- Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Precaution
A
- Sternal Precautions: allow for sternum to heal
- no lifting arms above shoulder height
- no lifting, pushing or pulling 5-10#
- no twisting of trunk
- no reaching behind your back- careful with toiling
- no holding your breath during activities
- no driving or sitting in passengers seat with airbag
18
Q
- Congestive Heart Failure
A
- the heart is not pumping as efficiently as if should
* causes a build up of fluid
* symptoms include* fatigue, tiredness, loss of energy * shortness of breath * loss of appetite * weight gain * decreased urination during the day, increased at night * swollen ankles or feet
19
Q
- Arrhythmia:
A
- disturbances in the heartbeat that cause it to beat to the fast or too slow
* problem with electrical system of the heart
* Symptoms:* feeling of fluttering in your chest of heart skipping a beat * lightheadedness, dizziness * shortness of breath * sometimes there are no symptoms * Treatment: * medications, cardioversion, AICD ( automatic implatable defribillators), pacemaker, surgery
20
Q
Atrial Fibrillation:
A
- common heart rhythm disturbance
* rapid, chaotic rhythm that originates from multiple sites within both atria- causes abnormal impulses to ventricles so the heartbeat is irregular
* a flutter rapid fire of electrical impulse but the heart rhythm is more regular or organized
21
Q
- Pacemaker:
A
- battery powered devices
* that sends electrical impulses via tiny wires to the heart
* used when heart rate becomes too slow or irregular in rhythm and not able to pump effectively
22
Q
- Precautions after Pacemaker
A
- no isometrics includes MMT
- limit shoulder AROM < 90* in flexion and abduction
- avoid end range horizontal abduction
23
Q
- Cardiac Rehabilitation
A
- focus of rehabilitation for CAD
* improve cardiac condition
* improve physical conditioning
* reduce symptoms of cardiac distress
* improve overall health
* prevent cardiac problems
24
Q
3 Phases of Rehab after MI
A
- Acute Phase:
* stabilization of medical condition
* Phase 1: Inpatient Rehab* monitored low level activity * instruction in precautions * energy conservation * graded activity * guidelines for discharge activities * Phase 2: * Outpatient Rehab * exercise is advanced with close monitoring * Phase 3: * community-based exercise program * procedure if patient has cardiac distress during activity * stop activity and have patient rest * seek medical help is symptoms continue * report symptoms to the team * modify future activity
25
Q
- Tools for Measuring Response to Activity
A
- Heart rate:
- palpating radial, brachial, or carotid pulse
* a change from regular to irregular heart rate should be reported to physician - Blood pressure:
- rate pressure product
- product of heart rate and systolic blood pressure
- increases during activity
- returns to baseline during recovery
- BORG exertion scale
- METs Metabolic Equivalent Table
26
Q
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder
A
- is a group of disease
- empysema, peripheral airway disease, bronchitis
- common signs of COPD
- coughing, shortness of breath, and fatigue
- onset of COPD is typically gradual
- dyspnea on exertion evolves to dyspnea at rest
- risk factors:
- smoking, environmental irritants, and chemical exposure
27
Q
- Medical Management COPD
A
- anti-inflammatory agents
- bronchodilators
- help open airways
- expectorants
- help loosens and clear mucus
- oxygen therapy
- ventilators
- provides mechanical assist to the process of inspiration
- used for people with acute respiratory distress
- ventilatory, CPAP, biPAP
28
Q
- Pulmonary Rehabilitation Treatment Techniques
A
- Dyspnea control postures:
- sitting: bend forward from the waist and support upper body with the forearms on the table or thighs
- standing: lean forward and prop the body on a counter
- Pursed lips breathing:
* inhale through the nose * exhale through pursed lips * take twice as long to exhale as to inhale
29
Q
- OT Treatment of Cardiopulmonary Dysfunction
A
- Monitor HR, BP, pulse oximetry, and signs of cardiac and respiratory distress during functional activity and postural changes
* Safe progression of activity is based on the energy cost of the activity and the patients response* as the demands of an activity increased, more oxygen is needed * activity choice is guided by metabolic equivalent table MET * breathing strategies and dyspnea control postures are incorporated into pulmonary rehabilitation * duration of the activity must be considered * return to sexual activity is a major concern * providing information can decrease anxiety * heart medication may affect libido * energy conservation and work simplification * exhaling should occur with exertion * patient and family education
