CardioPulm

Question 1

Normal total cholesterol

Answer 1

< 200

Question 2

Normal triglycerides

Answer 2

< 150

Question 3

Normal HDLs

Answer 3

> 60

Question 4

Normal LDLs

Answer 4

< 100

Question 5

Normal pH

Answer 5

7.35-7.45

Question 6

Normal CO2 levels

Answer 6

35-45

Question 7

Normal HCO3 levels

Answer 7

23-29

Question 8

Normal WBC count

Answer 8

5,000-10,000

Question 9

Normal platelet count

Answer 9

150,000-400,000

Question 10

Normal hemoglobin count

Answer 10

Males: 14-18
Females: 12-16

Question 11

Normal RBC count

Answer 11

Males: 4.7-6.1
Females: 4.2-5.4

Question 12

Normal hematrocrit count

Answer 12

Males: 45-52%
Females: 37-47%

Question 13

Normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate

Answer 13

Males: < 15 mm/hr
Females: < 22 mm/hr

Question 14

Normal INR value

Answer 14

0.8-1.1

Question 15

Normal prothrombin time; partial thromboplastin time

Answer 15

PT: 11-12.5 seconds
PTT: 30-40 seconds

Question 16

Normal fasting glucose levels

Answer 16

80-110 mg/dL
some sources say 75-121 mg/dL

Question 17

Will you hold onto more CO2 with hypo or hyperventilation? What will this lead to?

Answer 17

Hypoventilation; leading to respiratory acidosis

Question 18

Will hypo or hyperventilation lead to respiratory alkolosis?

Answer 18

Hypo

Question 19

COPD is characterized by early or late airway closure upon inspiration or expiration?

Answer 19

Early airway closure upon expiration, resulting in hyperinflation

Question 20

What bony thorax and diaphragm changes occur as a result of COPD?

Answer 20

Increased A-P diameter and a flattened diaphragm

Question 21

Wheezes vs crackles

Answer 21

Wheezing is usually heard during expiration, caused by pulmonary obstruction (asthma, COPD, foreign body aspiration). Crackles are usually heard during inspiration which indicates pathology (atelectasis, fibrosis, pulmonary edema).

Question 22

Which pulmonary dysfunction can increase a patients risk for R-sided CHF and why?

Answer 22

Bronchitis
The patient has increased vasoconstriction at the lungs secondary to decreased ventilation; this will cause an increase in pulmonary pressures and lead to R-sided CHF

Question 23

Which pulmonary condition is caused by chronic infection?

Answer 23

Bronchiectasis

Question 24

Will a pneumothorax cause the mediastinum to move towards the ipsilateral or contralateral side?

Answer 24

Contralateral side because the increased pressure collapses the lung which pushes the mediastinum to the other side to make more room.

Question 25

What week is surfactant produced and what is its purpose?

Answer 25

26 weeks
Helps to keep the alveoli from collapsing