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Cardiology > Cardiomyopathy > Flashcards

Cardiomyopathy Flashcards

1
Q

Define cardiomyopathy

A

Primary disease of the myocardium

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2
Q

Aetiology of cardiomyopathy (general +3 types)

A

Majority are IDIOPATHIC

May be:
dilated
hypertrophic
restrictive

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3
Q

Aetiology of cardiomyopathy - dilated

7

A 
Post-viral myocarditis
Alcohol
Drugs (e.g. doxorubicin, cocaine)
Familial
Thyrotoxicosis
Haemochromatosis
Peripartum
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4
Q

Aetiology of cardiomyopathy - hypertrophic

A

Up to 50% are genetic

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5
Q

Aetiology of cardiomyopathy - restrictive

3

A

Amyloidosis
Sarcoidosis
Haemochromatosis

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6
Q

Epidemiology of cardiomyopathy

prevalence x2

A

Prevalence of dilated & hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is 0.05-0.2%
Restrictive is even rarer

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7
Q

Presenting symptoms of cardiomyopathy - dilated

4

A

Symptoms of heart failure
Arrhythmias
Thromboembolism
FH of sudden death

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8
Q

Presenting symptoms of cardiomyopathy - hypertrophic

5

A 
Usually NO SYMPTOMS
Syncope 
Angina
Arrhythmias 
FH of sudden death
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9
Q

Presenting symptoms of cardiomyopathy - restrictive

5

A 
Dyspnoea
Fatigue
Arrhythmias
Ankle or abdo swelling
FH of sudden death
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10
Q

Signs of cardiomyopathy on physical examination - dilated

3

A

Raised JVP
Displaced apex beat
Functional mitral & tricuspid regurgitations

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11
Q

Signs of cardiomyopathy on physical examination - hypertrophic
(3)

A

Jerky carotid pulse
Double apex beat
Ejection systolic murmur

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12
Q

Signs of cardiomyopathy on physical examination - restrictive
(6)

A 
Raised JVP & Kussmaul sign
Palpable apex beat
3rd heart sound
Ascites
Ankle oedema
Hepatomegaly
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13
Q

Investigations for cardiomyopathy

6 types

A 
CXR
ECG
Echocardiography
Cardiac catheterisation
Endomyocardial biopsy 
Pedigree or genetic analysis
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14
Q

Investigations for cardiomyopathy - CXR

2

A

May show cardiomegaly

May show signs of heart failure

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15
Q

Investigations for cardiomyopathy - ECG

3 all +3 hyper + restrictive

A

All types
Non-specific ST changes
Conduction defects
Arrhythmias

Hypertrophic
Left axis deviation
Signs of left ventricular hypertrophy
Q waves in inferior & lateral leads

Restrictive
Low voltage complexes

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16
Q

Investigations for cardiomyopathy - echocardiogram

dilated + hyper +5 restrictive

A

Dilated
Dilated ventricles w/ global hypokinesia

Hypertrophic
Ventricular hypertrophy (asymmetrical septal hypertrophy)
Restrictive
Non-dilated non-hypertrophied ventricles
Atrial enlargement 
Preserved systolic function
Diastolic dysfunction
Granular or sparkling appearance of myocardium in amyloidosis
17
Q

Define Kussmaul sign

A

paradoxical rise in JVP on inspiration due to restricted filling of ventricles

Cardiology (31 decks)

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