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KC Cardio Module-2 > Cardiomyopathy > Flashcards

Cardiomyopathy Flashcards

1
Q

Common pathway of cardiomyopathy:

A

Arrhythmia
CHF
Death

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2
Q

Pathophysiology of HCM:

A

Septal hypertrophy leading to diastolic dysfx leading to levitate ventricular outflow obstruction

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3
Q

HCM pts can develop what abnormalities? (3)

A

MI
Arrhythmias
Mitral regurgitation

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4
Q

HCM w/u includes:

A
  • clinical suspicion
  • ekg
  • echo (test of choice)
  • cardiac MRI
  • genetic testing
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5
Q

HCM sxs:

A 
Syncope
SOB
CP
Turbulent murmurs: S4 and mitral regurgitation
Ventricular Arrhythmias
Sudden death
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6
Q

HCM tx:

A
  • BB; metoprolol (lopressor)
  • restrict activity
  • definitive ICD (only preventable tx)
  • avoid vasodilators (DHP CCB, nitrates, hydralazine) and ionotropes (dopamine, dobutamine, digoxin, epinephrine)
  • surgical septal myectomy
  • alcohol septal ablation
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7
Q

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy etiology:

A

Fibro-fatty infiltration of right ventricular myocardium

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8
Q

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy phases:

A

Concealed: asxs
Electrical: palpitations or syncope
Diffuse: right sided HF

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9
Q

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy leads to: (3)

A

Right sided HF
Vtach
Death

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10
Q

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy dx:

A
  • EKG
  • echo (test of choice)
  • cardiac MRI
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11
Q

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy tx:

A
  • BB- metoprolol (lopressor)
  • reduce activity
  • ICD- definitive and preventable tx
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12
Q

Describe athletic left ventricular hypertrophy:

A

MC w/ arrhythmias but benign

LV hypertrophy: symmetric and >14 mm on echo

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13
Q

Restrictive Cardiomyopathy etiology:

A

Inflammatory: post-radiation fibrosis
Infiltration: sarcoidosis or amyloidosis
- ventricular filling is restricted because of excessive rigidity of ventricular walls

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14
Q

Restrictive Cardiomyopathy sxs:

A

HF w/ normal size heart; “small stiff hearts”
SOB
right sided HF s/s: JVD, peripheral edema, ascites

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15
Q

Restrictive Cardiomyopathy w/u:

A
  • clinical suspicion
  • cardiac MRI
  • ekg
  • echo (test of choice)
  • endomyocardial biopsy: definitive dx
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16
Q

Restrictive Cardiomyopathy tx:

A

No real tx (aim at HF or arrhythmias)

17
Q

Dilated Cardiomyopathy etiology:

A
  • etoh: MC cause
  • genetic:
    Chronic persistent a. Fib
    SLE
    DM
    MD
  • drugs:
    Chemo: doxorubicin (adriamycin)
    Anti-rheumatic: hydroxychloroquinine (plaquenil)
18
Q

Dilated Cardiomyopathy DX:

A

CXR- enlarged heart w/ fluffy infiltrates
EKG- LVH; LBBB; a.fib
Echo: key to investigation

19
Q

Dilated Cardiomyopathy tx:

A
  • eliminate reversible causes (etoh)
  • BB
  • vasodilators (ace/nitrates)
  • diuretics
  • anticoagulants
  • digoxin
  • ICD
  • consider transplant
20
Q

Dilated Cardiomyopathy sxs:

A
  • HF: weakness, SOB, orthopedic, crackles, S3
  • peripheral edema (leg, sacral, JVD)
  • late stages: thrombus, mitral regurgitation, arrhythmias, death
21
Q

Myocarditis etiology:

A

Inflammatory process ending in necrosis

22
Q

Etiologies of myocarditis: (6)

A 
1- viruses (MC)
2- fungal
3- protozoan
4- parasites
5- autoimmune conditions
6- bacterial
23
Q

Myocarditis presentation:

A
  • MC asxs
  • constitutional sxs
  • acute onset HF sxs
24
Q

Myocarditis w/u: (6)

A 
ECG
Positive cardiac enzymes
CXR w/ cardiomegaly
Echo
Cardiac MRI: MC used for dx
Endomyocardial biopsy: better for definitive dx
25
Q

Histology can hallmark of myocarditis:

A

Focal, patchy or diffuse inflammatory infiltrate w/ adjacent myocyte injury

26
Q

MC viruses in myocarditis: (6)

A 
1- adenoviruses
2- HSV
3- cox sackie virus B
4- parvovirus (B19)
5- Flu A
6- CMV
27
Q

Pericardium Cardiomyopathy risk factors

A

AA
Twin gestation
Preeclampsia w. Use of tocolytic agents (terbutaline) to prevent premature labor

28
Q

Pericardium Cardiomyopathy occurs (time and presentation)

A
  • Last month of pregnancy or 5 months after pregnancy

- presents w/ systolic dysfx in HF

29
Q

Tx of takotsubo cardiomyopathy:

A

Benzos (Ativan/Valium)

30
Q

takotsubo cardiomyopathy cause and presentation on CXR:

A
  • excessive catecholamines release secondary to emotional or psychological stress
  • hyperactive base w/ impaired apex or “apical ballooning”
  • “fishpot” resemblance on CXR

KC Cardio Module-2 (6 decks)

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