cardiomyopathy

Question 1

What is the most common form of cardiomyopathy?

Answer 1

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)

Question 2

What happens in dilated cardiomyopathy?

Answer 2

Dilated left ventricle without hypertrophy and systolic dysfunction
Diminished contractile elements
Diffuse necrosis of myocardial cells

Question 3

what are the symptoms of dilated cardiomyopathy

Answer 3

Poor systolic function (low EF)
Increasing end-diastolic pressure
Increasing pulmonary and systemic venous pressures
Altered valve function (usually regurgitation)
Thrombi formation

Question 4

what do you avoid for dilated cardiomyopathy

Answer 4

verapamil

Question 5

what causes hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Answer 5

A rare autosomal dominant condition

Question 6

what is the surveillance for someone with a family history of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Answer 6

12-18 years of age: echocardiogram every year
18-70 years of age: echocardiogram every 5 years

Question 7

when does the thickening of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Answer 7

Begins during early adolescence and stops when growth is finished

Question 8

What are the symptoms of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

Answer 8

High EF, smaller ventricular cavities, takes longer for the ventricles to relax after systole

Question 9

what are the clinical manifestations of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Answer 9

Cardiac arrest, sustained vtach and vfib, angina, syncope, palpitations, and left heart failure
Higher EF: small amount of blood but the muscle is stronger

Question 10

What is a nonsurgical septal reduction therapy

Answer 10

alcohol septal ablation

Question 11

what should patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy avoid?

Answer 11

dehydration and diuretics

Question 12

what is the cause of restrictive or constrictive cardiomyopathy

Answer 12

Diastolic dysfunction caused by rigid ventricular walls that impair diastolic filling and ventricular stretch

Question 13

What are the symptoms of restrictive or constrictive cardiomyopathy?

Answer 13

Right sided heart failure, decreased ventricular filling, decreased CO

Question 14

what should patients with restrictive or constrictive cardiomyopathy avoid

Answer 14

nifedipine

Question 15

what causes arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy

Answer 15

Much of the right ventricle is replaced by a chaotic mix of heart muscle, fibrous tissue, and fat
Right ventricle dilates and develops poor contractility

Question 16

what is a symptom of arrythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy

Answer 16

Arrhythmia, ventricular tachycardia

Question 17

How would blood relatives of a patient with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy be monitored?

Answer 17

12 lead ECG, Holter monitor, and echocardiography

Question 18

How would the ECG of an arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy present?

Answer 18

Epsilon wave”: slow RV, and flipped Ts in V2-V3

Question 19

What cardiomyopathy causes sudden death among young athletes?

Answer 19

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy

Question 20

who is most likely to have cardiomyopathy

Answer 20

African Americans and older adults

Question 21

what are the surgical management methods for cardiomyopathy: Left ventricular assist devices (LVAD)

Answer 21

Short term, to get them to transplant, or for those who can’t get transplant

Question 22

what are the surgical management methods for cardiomyopathy: Intra aortic balloon pump

Answer 22

Only done for about 1 week while waiting for transplant
Deflated during systole; inflated during diastole
Reduces afterload
Increases myocardial perfusion

Question 23

what are the surgical management methods for cardiomyopathy: heart transplant

Answer 23

Needs to be done within 4 hours of harvest → time is a factor
Immunosuppressants to reduce rejection

Question 24

what are the surgical management methods for cardiomyopathy: total artificial hearts

Answer 24

replace both ventricles