cardiomyopathy Flashcards
What is the most common form of cardiomyopathy?
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)
What happens in dilated cardiomyopathy?
Dilated left ventricle without hypertrophy and systolic dysfunction
Diminished contractile elements
Diffuse necrosis of myocardial cells
what are the symptoms of dilated cardiomyopathy
Poor systolic function (low EF)
Increasing end-diastolic pressure
Increasing pulmonary and systemic venous pressures
Altered valve function (usually regurgitation)
Thrombi formation
what do you avoid for dilated cardiomyopathy
verapamil
what causes hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
A rare autosomal dominant condition
what is the surveillance for someone with a family history of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
12-18 years of age: echocardiogram every year
18-70 years of age: echocardiogram every 5 years
when does the thickening of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Begins during early adolescence and stops when growth is finished
What are the symptoms of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
High EF, smaller ventricular cavities, takes longer for the ventricles to relax after systole
what are the clinical manifestations of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Cardiac arrest, sustained vtach and vfib, angina, syncope, palpitations, and left heart failure
Higher EF: small amount of blood but the muscle is stronger
What is a nonsurgical septal reduction therapy
alcohol septal ablation
what should patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy avoid?
dehydration and diuretics
what is the cause of restrictive or constrictive cardiomyopathy
Diastolic dysfunction caused by rigid ventricular walls that impair diastolic filling and ventricular stretch
What are the symptoms of restrictive or constrictive cardiomyopathy?
Right sided heart failure, decreased ventricular filling, decreased CO
what should patients with restrictive or constrictive cardiomyopathy avoid
nifedipine
what causes arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
Much of the right ventricle is replaced by a chaotic mix of heart muscle, fibrous tissue, and fat
Right ventricle dilates and develops poor contractility
what is a symptom of arrythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
Arrhythmia, ventricular tachycardia
How would blood relatives of a patient with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy be monitored?
12 lead ECG, Holter monitor, and echocardiography
How would the ECG of an arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy present?
Epsilon wave”: slow RV, and flipped Ts in V2-V3
What cardiomyopathy causes sudden death among young athletes?
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
who is most likely to have cardiomyopathy
African Americans and older adults
what are the surgical management methods for cardiomyopathy: Left ventricular assist devices (LVAD)
Short term, to get them to transplant, or for those who can’t get transplant
what are the surgical management methods for cardiomyopathy: Intra aortic balloon pump
Only done for about 1 week while waiting for transplant
Deflated during systole; inflated during diastole
Reduces afterload
Increases myocardial perfusion
what are the surgical management methods for cardiomyopathy: heart transplant
Needs to be done within 4 hours of harvest → time is a factor
Immunosuppressants to reduce rejection
what are the surgical management methods for cardiomyopathy: total artificial hearts
replace both ventricles
