Cardiomyopathies Short Cases Flashcards
A 55-year-old male presents with progressive dyspnea, orthopnea, and pedal edema. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM) with heart failure.
A patient with suspected hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) presents with syncope during exercise. What is the likely cause?
Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction leading to decreased cardiac output.
A young athlete collapses suddenly during a basketball game. What cardiomyopathy should be suspected?
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM), a common cause of sudden cardiac death in young athletes.
A 60-year-old woman with a history of amyloidosis presents with dyspnea and signs of right heart failure. What is the likely diagnosis?
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy (RCM) due to amyloidosis.
A patient presents with a history of alcohol abuse and progressive heart failure. What cardiomyopathy should be considered?
Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM) secondary to alcohol toxicity.
A 45-year-old man with a history of hypertension is found to have concentric left ventricular hypertrophy on echocardiogram. What is the likely cause?
Hypertensive heart disease rather than primary cardiomyopathy.
A patient with suspected DCM has an echocardiogram showing an ejection fraction of 30%. What is the mainstay of treatment?
ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, diuretics, and aldosterone antagonists.
A 35-year-old woman presents with heart failure symptoms 3 months postpartum. What condition should be suspected?
Peripartum Cardiomyopathy, a subtype of Dilated Cardiomyopathy.
A 50-year-old man presents with palpitations and an irregularly irregular pulse. ECG confirms atrial fibrillation. He has a history of DCM. What additional therapy is needed?
Anticoagulation therapy to prevent thromboembolism.
A 70-year-old man with HCM experiences exertional dyspnea. What first-line drug treatment should be initiated?
Beta-blockers or non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (e.g., verapamil).
A patient with suspected RCM presents with bilateral leg swelling and hepatomegaly. What investigation can confirm the diagnosis?
Echocardiogram showing bi-atrial enlargement and restrictive mitral inflow pattern.
A patient presents with recurrent syncope and family history of sudden cardiac death. What is the next best step in management?
Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) placement for primary prevention of sudden cardiac death.
A 30-year-old man with a family history of cardiomyopathy has an echocardiogram showing asymmetrical septal hypertrophy. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM).
A 40-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) presents with heart failure symptoms. What cardiomyopathy is most likely?
Dilated Cardiomyopathy secondary to autoimmune disease.
A patient presents with a history of hemochromatosis and progressive heart failure. What type of cardiomyopathy is likely?
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy due to iron overload.
A 35-year-old man presents with exertional chest pain and syncope. ECG shows deep Q waves in lateral leads. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy with myocardial ischemia.
A patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy presents with worsening dyspnea. What structural complication should be assessed?
Left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction.
A 50-year-old patient presents with unexplained syncope. Echocardiogram shows left ventricular hypertrophy. What additional test should be performed?
Holter monitoring to assess for arrhythmias and risk of sudden cardiac death.
A patient with suspected cardiomyopathy has an ECG showing poor R-wave progression and low voltage. What diagnosis should be considered?
Dilated Cardiomyopathy or infiltrative Restrictive Cardiomyopathy (e.g., amyloidosis).
A patient with restrictive cardiomyopathy presents with ascites and hepatomegaly. What is the primary cause of symptoms?
Right heart failure due to impaired ventricular compliance.
A patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy presents with syncope and abnormal blood pressure response to exercise. What is the next step?
Consider ICD implantation for sudden cardiac death prevention.
A 60-year-old male presents with progressive dyspnea. ECG shows low voltage QRS complexes. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy, possibly due to amyloidosis.
A 28-year-old female presents with palpitations and dyspnea. ECG shows atrial fibrillation. She has a family history of sudden cardiac death. What cardiomyopathy is likely?
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy with increased risk of arrhythmias.
A patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is found to have a murmur that increases with the Valsalva maneuver. What is the underlying pathology?
Dynamic left ventricular outflow tract obstruction.
A 65-year-old patient with diabetes and hypertension develops heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. What cardiomyopathy should be considered?
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy or hypertensive heart disease.
A 40-year-old male with a history of chemotherapy presents with progressive heart failure. What is the likely etiology?
Dilated Cardiomyopathy due to chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity (e.g., doxorubicin).
A patient presents with dyspnea and lower limb edema. Echocardiogram shows a thickened septum with normal systolic function. What is the likely diagnosis?
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy with diastolic dysfunction.
A patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy has a systolic murmur that decreases with squatting. What does this indicate?
Reduction in left ventricular outflow tract obstruction due to increased preload.
A 30-year-old male presents with syncope and an echocardiogram showing a dilated right ventricle with fibrofatty infiltration. What is the diagnosis?
Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy (ARVC).
