Cardiomyopathies Flashcards
Causes of dilated cardiomyopathy
ABCC: Alcohol use, Beriberi (thiamine deficiency), Cocaine use, Chagas disease
Enlarged dilated chambers describes _ cardiomyopathy
Enlarged dilated chambers describes dilated cardiomyopathy
Thick walls and reduced chamber size describes _ cardiomyopathy
Thick walls and reduced chamber size describes hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Some increase in wall size and reduction in chamber size but not to the same degree as hypertrophic, describes _ cardiomyopathy
Some increase in wall size and reduction in chamber size but not to the same degree as hypertrophic, describes infiltrative/restrictive cardiomyopathy
Fibrofatty replacement of the right ventricular wall describes _ cardiomyopathy
Fibrofatty replacement of the right ventricular wall describes arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
_ is the most common familial cardiac disorder and it is a genetic disease of the cardiac sarcomere that is characterized by hypertrophy of the LV
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the most common familial cardiac disorder and it is a genetic disease of the cardiac sarcomere that is characterized by hypertrophy of the LV
In HCM, contractility is typically _
SV is typically _
In HCM, contractility is typically normal or hyperdynamic until late stages
SV is typically decreased due to decreased chamber size
Some patients with HCM are obstructed; this means _
Some patients with HCM are obstructed; this means there is a dynamic outflow tract obstruction due to systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve (SAM)
* This can cause mitral valve regurgitation
* And limits cardiac output
Obstructive HCM is exacerbated by anything that _
Obstructive HCM is exacerbated by anything that reduced ventricular volume such as decreased venous return, dehydration
* Acceleration of flow through the narrowed outflow tract draws anterior leaflet towards the septum
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy will have a _ murmur
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy will have a harsh crescendo-decrescendo systolic murmur
* Differential diagnosis: aortic stenosis (AS)
How can we differentiate aortic stenosis from HOCM?
Aortic stenosis is fixed, HOCM is dynamic
If we decrease preload we make HOCM murmur worse but AS murmur better
* Valsalva- decreases preload
* Squatting- increases preload
* Standing- decreases preload
Explain the pathogenesis of infiltrative cardiomyopathy
Infiltration –> rigid myocardium –> increased diastolic ventricular pressure & decreased ventricular filling –> venous congestion –> JVD, hepatomegaly, ascites, edema
Eventually we also have drop in CO –> weakness, fatigue
What might infiltrative cardiomyopathy look like on an echo?
Marked hypertrophy (ventricles) with severely enlarged atria
