Cardiology Question Review Flashcards
Blood ejected from the heart with each beat is defined as
Stroke volume
The blood flowing to the heart best describes
Preload
The R on T phenomenon refers to
Simultaneous ventricular depolarization and repolarization. This can cause ventricular arrhythmias
An EKG allows for:
Multiple views of the heart
3-D perspective
Locations of pathologies
AV node impulses are delayed so that
The atria can empty fully
What EKG interval corresponds to the time it takes an impulse to travel to the ventricles from the atria
The PR interval
The SA node sends its impulse to
The internodal pathways and then to the AV node
The ventricles fire at a rate of
20-40
The Q wave is pathological if
It’s one little box wide
The hearts impulse begins in the
SA node
The atria and ventricles communicate via the
Bundle of His
The AV node fires at a rate of what
40-60
The SA node fires at a rate of what
60-100
The T wave represents
Ventricular repolarization
A t wave should be
Asymmetrical
What EKG leads view the inferior wall of the heart
II, III, aVf
What does the ST segment represent
The time between ventricular repolarization and depolarization
The AV node sends its impulse to
The bundle of His
The heart is oriented so that
The RV is anterior and the LV is posteriolateral
One small box represents
1mm in amplitude or 0.04 seconds
ST elevation indicates
Myocardial infarction
Sinus Brady is caused by
The SA node
One big box represents
0.2 seconds
A junction rhythm differs from an atrial rhythm in that
The PR interval is less than 0.12 seconds long
How many views of the heart to limb leads provide
6
Purkinje depolarization occurs when
The PR interval
Prehospital EKGs allows for
A sequence of events that will decrease the time before a patient is in surgery
The P wave represents
atrial depolarization
The AV node is found
In the right atrium
A biphasic deflection occurs when
A vector passes under a lead in a perpendicular line
Who doesn’t need an EKG
Multi systems trauma
What cells have the fastest autorhythmiticity
The SA node
The QRS represents
Ventricular depolarization
The first phase of the cardiac cycle is
Diastole
S2 is
The closing of the aortic and pulmonary valves
The amount of blood pumped out of the heat during systole
Ejection fraction
Escape beats occur
After the timing of the underlying dropped QRS
What happens if stroke volume decreases
Heart rate and peripheral vascular resistance increase
For resting potential to exist
There must be an adequate number of potassium ions inside the cell as sodium outside the cell
The QRS complex should be
Less than 0.12 seconds
The PR interval should be
0.12-0.20
What causes the initial change in the sodium potassium pump
Adenosine Triphosphate
What rhythm can be expected in stroke patients
A-Fib
What are the Hs and Ts
H: Hypovolemia, Hypoxia, Hydrogen ions, Hypo/hyper kalemia, hypothermia
T: Tension Pneumo, Tamponade, Toxins, Thrombosis
Magnesium deficiency may cause
Torsades
Stable angina
Subsides with rest, is expected, can be treated easily with medication, lasts an expected duration
The right ventricle pushes blood through
The pulmonary artery
ACLS guidelines say to shock a patient with asystole or a pulseless rhythm at
0J
Cardioversion Jules progression
100, 120, 150, 200
Defibrillation Jules progression
120, 150, 200
Frank starlings law says to increase preload you must
Increase blood volume
Atrial cells depolarize via
Cell to cell gap junctions
When is the absolute refractory period of cardiac muscle
The contraction
When can the cardiac cell not be stimulated
During contraction
The junctional pathway fires at a rate of
40-60
An increase in diastolic filling increases force of contraction
Frank Starlings law
Myocardial ischemia is caused by what
A mismatch of oxygen supply and demand
Escape Beats occur
Late
Premature beats occur
Early
A lack of electrical impulses results in
Asystole
What leads show a lateral view of the heart
I, aVL, V5, V6
A wenkebach differs from a complete heart block in that
A complete heart block has a constant R R interval
ST depression in What leads lead to suspicion of a posterior MI
V1 and V2
The absolute refractory period of the ventricles occurs during
the onset of the WRS and the peak of the T wave
A second degree heart block type 2 differs from a complete heart block in that
A 2nd degree heart block has a constant PR interval
QRS complexes are
0.04-0.011 seconds
Absence of ventricular impulses with organized atrial impulses is
Ventricular standstill
A 1st degree heart block has
A PR interval greater than 0.2
The Q wave should always be
Negative
Left bundle branch blocks will have
Discordant T waves in V6
Right ventricular hypertrophy must be ruled out to make a diagnosis of
Left posterior hemiblock
VOMIT stands for
Vitals
Oxygen
Monitor
IV
Transport
