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pharmacology exam 2 > cardiology meds 3 > Flashcards

cardiology meds 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

adenosine

A

antiarrhythmias
a1 receptor agonist (opens K+ channels hyperpolarizing AV node)
for: acute arrhythmias
short half life: 10 seconds
must be given as large dose, rapidly, IV bolus
must warn pts they’ll feel their heart stop for a few sec

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2
Q

quinidine

A

antiarrhythmias
class IA
For: atrial/ventricular arrhythmia
side effects: pro-arrhythmic
cinchonism: tinnitus, hearing loss, blurred vission, HA, delirium, rash
contra: mortality in pts w/afib or flutter, don’t use w/fluoroquinolones/ritonavir

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3
Q

procainamide

A

antiarrhythmias
class IA
metabolized by N-acetyltransferase into metabolite N-acetyl procainamide: slow acetylators ^
for: atrial/ventricular arrhythmia
side effect: proarrhythmic, rash hypotension
contra: black box warning: fatal blood dyscrasias (agranulocytosis), drug induced lupus

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4
Q

disopyramide

A

antiarrythmic

for: atrial/ventricular arrhythmia

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5
Q

lidocaine

A

antiarrhythmic
Class IB
For: only for ventricular arrhythmias and when HR is high
side effect: crosses BBB (hallucinations/confusion), lightheadedness, hepatic insufficiency
extensive “first pass” given only by IV

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6
Q

propafenone

A 
antiarrhythmics
Class IC
negative inotropic properties
little to no affect on refractory period
sodium channel block that decreases conduction/automaticity
for: arrhythmia
side effect: metallic taste, dizziness, visual disturbances
contra: AV disorders, sinus brady, shock
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7
Q

flecainide

A

antiarrhythmic
class IC
negative inotropic property
little to no affect on refractory period
sodium channel block that decreases conduction/automaticity
for: arrhythmia
side effect: pro-arrythmic, visual disturbances, dizziness

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8
Q

sotalol

A 
antiarrhythmic
potassium channel blocker
B blocker
class 3
for: afib/flutter, vfib, vtach
side effect: brady, heart block, pulmonary fibrosis, thryoid dysfunction, blue skin, hepatotoxicity "everything but the kidneys
contra: 2nd and 3rd degree heart block
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9
Q

dofetilide

A 
antiarrhythmic
potassium channel blocker
B blocker
class 3
for: afib/flutter, vfib, vtach
contra: 2nd and 3rd degree heart block
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10
Q

amiodarone

A 
antiarrhythmic
potassium channel blocker
B blocker
class 3
for: afib/flutter, vfib, vtach: acute/chronic arrhythmias
side effect: brady, heart block, pulmonary fibrosis, thryoid dysfunction, blue skin, hepatotoxicity "everything but the kidneys
contra: 2nd and 3rd degree heart block
DDI w/digoxin: lower digoxin dose by 50%
extremely long half life: 25-60 days
given by IV and PO
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11
Q

ibutilide

A 
antiarrhythmic
potassium channel blocker
B blocker
class 3
for: afib/flutter, vfib, vtach
contra: 2nd and 3rd degree heart block
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12
Q

dronedarone

A 
antiarrhythmic
potassium channel blocker
B blocker
class 3
for: afib/flutter, vfib, vtach
contra: 2nd and 3rd degree heart block
fewer side effects than amiodarone
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13
Q

nitroprusside

A

vasodilators
for: hypertensive crisis
side effects: lactic acidosis, AMS, death, methemoglobinemia,
available in IV
NO diffuses from complex into SM of vessels=vasodilation “balanced vasodilator” bc it targets venous/arterioles

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14
Q

hydralazine

A

vasodilators
decreases Ca2+ in SM cells
only affects arteriole side
side effects: dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, HA, periipheral edema (bc renin release)
slow acetylators as hydralazine levels ^ can lead to lupus like syndrome

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15
Q

nesiritide

A 
vasodilators
recombinant BNP
for: acute congestive HF
administered by IV
increased mortality when used chronically
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16
Q

nitroglycerin

A

organic nitrates
for: chronic tx of angina
side effects: flushing, HA, rash, methemoglobinemia
quick tolerance, nitrate free period to reduce
transdermal (chronic) sublingual/buccal spray (acute)
have life 1.5 minutes

17
Q

isosorbide dinitrate

A

organic nitrates
for: chronic tx of angina
side effects: flushing, HA, rash, methemoglobinemia
quick tolerance, nitrate free period to reduce
TID d/t short half life

18
Q

isosorbide mononitrate

A

organic nitrates
for: chronic tx of angina
side effects: flushing, HA, rash, methemoglobinemia
quick tolerance, nitrate free period to reduce
longest half life&raquo_space; qd

19
Q

pravastatin

A

-statin suffix
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
tx of dyslipidemia
for: risk of CAD by decreasing LDL & ^ HDL
side effect: muscle pain, rhabdo, when given w/fibrates ^ risk myopathy
short half life
moderate/low intensity

20
Q

simvastatin

A

-statin suffix
tx of dyslipidemia
for: risk of CAD by decreasing LDL & ^ HDL
side effect: muscle pain, rhabdo, when given w/fibrates ^ risk myopathy
short half life
moderate/low intensity

21
Q

fluvastatin

A

-statin suffix
tx of dyslipidemia
for: risk of CAD by decreasing LDL & ^ HDL
side effect: muscle pain, rhabdo, when given w/fibrates ^ risk myopathy
short half life
moderate/low intensity

22
Q

lovastatin

A

-statin suffix
tx of dyslipidemia
for: risk of CAD by decreasing LDL & ^ HDL
side effect: muscle pain, rhabdo, when given w/fibrates ^ risk myopathy
short half life
moderate/low intensity

23
Q

atorvastatin

A

-statin suffix
tx of dyslipidemia
for: risk of CAD by decreasing LDL & ^ HDL
side effect: muscle pain, rhabdo, when given w/fibrates ^ risk myopathy
longer half life
high/moderate intensity

24
Q

pitavastatin

A

-statin suffix
tx of dyslipidemia
for: risk of CAD by decreasing LDL & ^ HDL
side effect: muscle pain, rhabdo, when given w/fibrates ^ risk myopathy
longer half life
moderate/low intensity

25
Q

rosuvastatin

A

-statin suffix
tx of dyslipidemia
for: risk of CAD by decreasing LDL & ^ HDL
side effect: muscle pain, rhabdo, when given w/fibrates ^ risk myopathy
longer half life
high/moderate intensity

26
Q

cholestyramine

A 
tx of dyslipidemia
bile acid sequestrants
typically administered w/statins
for: decrease of LDL
side effect: GI discomfort, constipation, bloating, ^ ALT/AST, increased TG, hyperchloremic acidosis (rare), can bind to warfarin: separate admin. by 2 hrs
27
Q

colestipol

A 
tx of dyslipidemia
bile acid sequestrants
typically administered w/statins
for: decrease of LDL
side effect: GI discomfort, constipation, bloating, ^ ALT/AST, increased TG, hyperchloremic acidosis (rare), can bind to warfarin: separate admin. by 2 hrs
28
Q

colesevelam

A 
tx of dyslipidemia
bile acid sequestrants
typically administered w/statins
for: decrease of LDL
side effect: GI discomfort, constipation, bloating, ^ ALT/AST, increased TG, hyperchloremic acidosis (rare), can bind to warfarin: separate admin. by 2 hrs
29
Q

gemfibrozil

A

tx of dyslipidemia
a fibrate
for: lower TG, may reduce LDL & ^ HDL
side effects: can increase effects of warfarin, gallstones, pancreatitis, rash, rhabdo, myopathy
contra: renal/hepatic failure (eliminated by kidney/liver)h
don’t give w/statins: can ^ myopathy/rhabdo

30
Q

fenofibrate

A

tx of dyslipidemia
a fibrate
for: lower TG, may reduce LDL & ^ HDL
side effects: can increase effects of warfarin, gallstones, pancreatitis, rash, rhabdo, myopathy
contra: renal/hepatic failure (eliminated by kidney/liver)
takes 3-6 weeks to work

31
Q

niacin

A 
lowers TG
^ HDL
side effects: flushing (bc peripheral vasodilation)
can take baby aspirin to reduce flushing
so: start low/slow
or: ER formula 
insulin resistance: be aware w/DM pts

pharmacology exam 2 (4 decks)

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