Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CLINICAL YR: Int Med > Cardiology-IM > Flashcards

Cardiology-IM Flashcards

1
Q

(RoshReview)

dyspnea, fatigue, and signs of right-sided heart failure, such as peripheral edema are signs of _________

A

signs of constrictive pericarditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

(RoshReview)

what electrocardiogram findings suggest acute pericarditis?

A

diffuse ST elevation and PR depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q 
(RoshReview)
physical exam findings:
pericardial knock on cardiac auscultation, 
Kussmaul sign
pulsus paradoxus
indicate....?
A

constrictive pericarditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

(PPP 8)

MC type of cardiomyopathy

A

DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

(PPP 8)

What usually causes DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY?

A

SYSTOLIC DYSFUNCTION, leading to a dilated, weak heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

(PPP 8)

what is the most common etiology of dilated cardiomyopathy?

A

IDIOPATHIC, most common cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

(PPP 8)

what is the most common infectious cause of dilated cardiomyopathy

A

VIRAL most common

esp enteroviruses like Coxsackievirus B, echovirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

(PPP 8)

what are the most common TOXIC causes of dilated cardiomyopathy

A

ETOH ABUSE, COCAINE, anthracyclines (eg DOXORUBICIN), radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

(PPP 8)

what is the most common metabolic reason for DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY?

A 
Vit B1 (thiamine) deficiency
thyroid disorders
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

(PPP 8)

echocardiogram findings of dilated cardiomyopathy

A

LEFT VENTRICULAR DILATION (LARGE CHAMBER)
thin ventricular walls
DECREASED EJECTION FRACTION
(similar findings to systolic heart failure)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

(PPP 8)

what is the diagnostic test of choice for dilated cardiomyopathy

A

echocardiogram

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

(PPP 8)

management of dilated cardiomyopathy is the same as….

A

…standard systolic heart failure treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

(PPP 8)

how do we manage/reduce mortality for dilated cardiomyopathy?

A 
ACEi/ARBs
BB (metoprolol or carvedilol)
SYMPTOM CONTROL WITH DIURETICS
digoxin
Spironolactone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

(PPP 8)

what is a key finding on physical exam for dilated cardiomyopathy?

A

S3 gallop hallmark (due to filling of a dilated ventricle)

mitral or tricuspid regurgitation too.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

(PPP 19)
dysfunction of the sinus node that leads to a combination of SINUS ARREST WITH ALTERNATING PAROXYSMS OF ATRIAL TACHYARRHYTHMIAS AND BRADYARRHTHMIAS

A

sick sinus syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

(PPP 19)

sick sinus syndrome - dysfunction of the _________

A

sinus node

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

(PPP 19)

brady-tachy syndrome

A

sick sinus syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

(PPP 19)

define sick sinus syndrome

A

dysfunction of the SINUS NODE that leads to a combination of
SINUS ARREST with
ALTERNATING PAROXYSMS of ATRIAL TACHYARRHYTHMIAS and BRADYARRHYTHMIAS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

(PPP 19)

management of stable sick sinus syndrome

A

symptoms are transient, no urgent therapy required

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

(PPP 19)

management of hemodynamically unstable sick sinus syndrome

A

ATROPINE first line

dopamine, epinephrine

transcutaneous pacing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

(PPP 19)

long-term management of sick sinus syndrome

A

permanent pacemaker definitive

addition of an automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator if alternating between tachy and brady

22
Q

(PPP 22)

EKG manifestations of 3rd Degree Heart Block

A

regular P-P intervals
regular R-R intervals
BUT THEY ARE NOT RELATED TO EACH OTHER
(pt often bradycardic)

23
Q

(PPP 22)

management of complete heart block

A

acute or symptomatic: transcutaneous pacing

…often followed by permanent pacemaker placement

24
Q

(PPP 85)

almost always the cause of mitral stenosis

A

rheumatic heart disease

25
Q

(PPP 85)

MC symptom of mitral stenosis

A

dyspnea

26
Q

(PPP 85)

the sounds of mitral stenosis (list three), and where it’s best heard

A 
PROMINENT S1
OPENING SNAP
low pitched
MID-DIASTOLIC RUMBLING MUMUR
best heard at apex
27
Q

(PPP 85)

four positions that increase the murmur intensity of mitral stenosis

A

left lateral decubitus position
squatting
leg raise
lying supine

28
Q

(PPP 84)

two features of the sounds of aortic regurgitation, and the best place to hear them

A

diastolic
blowing decrescendo murmur
best heard at the left upper sternal border

29
Q

(PPP 84)

how do you increase the murmur intensity of aortic regurgitation murmur?

A 
sitting and leaning forward
squatting
supine
leg raise 
expiration
handgrip 
(these increase venous return)
30
Q

(PPP 84)

how do you decrease the intensity of aortic regurgitation murmur?

A 
Valsalva
standing
inspiration
amyl nitrate
(these decrease venous return)
31
Q

(PPP 83)

what are the sounds of aortic stenosis? and where do you best hear them?

A

systolic
crescendo-decrescendo murmur
best heard at RUSB
radiating to the carotid artery

32
Q

(PPP 83)

how do you increase the murmur intensity of aortic stenosis?

A 
sitting while leaning forward
expiration
squatting
supine
leg raise
(increased venous return)
33
Q

(PPP 83)

How do you decrease the murmur intensity of aortic stenosis?

A 
Valsalva 
standing
inspiration
hand grip
(decreased venous return)
34
Q

(PPP 83)

what is pulsus parvus et tardus? What kind of murmur is it related to?

A

weak, delayed carotid pulse

tardus = late
parvus = weak, small

aortic stenosis

35
Q

(PPP 83)

what is the MC etiology of aortic stenosis?

A

degenerative, calcifications, wear and tear, esp >70 yrs of age

36
Q

(PPP 673)

40-60% of acute rheumatic fevers affect _____

A

heart valves

37
Q

(PPP 673)

what valves are most commonly affected by acute rheumatic fever?

A

mitral (75-80%)

aortic (30%)

38
Q

(PPP 673)

how do we diagnose acute rheumatic fever? What is the name of the criteria?

A

JONES CRITERIA for Rheumatic Fever
2 major
- or -
1 major + 2 minor

PLUS supporting evidence of a recent GAS infection!

39
Q

(PPP 673)

What are the major criteria for Rheumatic Fever diagnosis?

A 
JONES
J = Joint (migratory polyarthritis)
O = Oh my heart (active carditis)
N = Nodules (subcutaneous)
E = Erythema marginatum
S = Sydenham's chorea

PLUS supporting evidence of a recent GAS infection!

40
Q

(PPP 673)

what are the minor criteria for JONES criteria for Rheumatic Fever, clinical and lab?

A

Clinical –> fever & arthralgia

Lab –> increase acute phase reactants (ESR, CRP, leukocytosis) and EKG (prolonged PR interval)

PLUS supporting evidence of a recent GAS infection!

41
Q

(PPP 52)

three categories of anticoagulants for anticoagulant therapy for ACS

A

unfractionated heparin
low molecular weight heparin (enoxaparin, dalteparin)
fondaparinux (direct factor Xa inhibitor)

42
Q

(PPP 83 and EOR score report)

MC etiology for aortic stenosis for pts >70

A

degenerative, calcifications

43
Q

(PPP 83 and EOR score report)

MC etiology for aortic stenosis for pt < 70 yrs

A

congenital reasons or

bicuspid valve

44
Q

(PPP 83 and EOR score report)

ANGINA is the MC symptom for which valvulopathy?

A

aortic stenosis

45
Q

(PPP 83 and EOR score report)

how do you increase the intensity of the murmur of aortic stenosis?

A 
you decrease the resistance so that you increase the flow through the valve and make the murmur louder, i.e.:
sitting while leaning forward
squat
lay supine
raise a leg
46
Q

(PPP 83 and EOR score report)

how do you decrease the intensity of the murmur of aortic stenosis?

A 
you increase the resistance, decrease the flow through the stenotic valve, and lower the volume on the murmur
VALSALVA
STAND
HANDGRIP
inspiration
47
Q

(PPP 83 and EOR score report)

what diagnostic study is best test for aortic stenosis?

A

echo

48
Q

(PPP 83 and EOR score report)

what are the EKG findings indicative of aortic stenosis?

A

L ventricular hypertrophy, which is a heightened QRS

49
Q

(PPP 83 and EOR score report)

primary management for aortic stenosis?

A

surgery

aortic valve replacement is the only effective treatment

50
Q

(PPP 83 and EOR score report)

what kind of murmur is aortic stenosis? what are the sounds of aortic stenosis? where is it best heard?

A

SYSTOLIC

crescend-decrescendo

RUSB, radiating to carotid artery

51
Q

(PPP 84 and EOR score report)

what kind of murmur is aortic regurgitation? what are the sounds of aortic regurgitation? where is it best heard?

A

DIASTOLIC

blowing
decrescendo

LUSB

CLINICAL YR: Int Med (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions