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CCRN > Cardiology-AACN > Flashcards

Cardiology-AACN Flashcards

1
Q

volume of blood ejected by the heart per minute

A

cardiac output

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2
Q

what is the normal CO

A

4-8L/min

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3
Q

volume of blood in the ventricle at the end of diastole

A

stroke volume

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4
Q

Preload or ___ ___ volume

A

end diastolic

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5
Q

How do you assess preload

A

RV: CVP/ RA pressure
normal: 2-6mmHg
LV: PAWP/ LA pressure
normal 6-12 mmHG

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6
Q

How to reduce preload

A

diuretics/ vasodilators

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7
Q

How to increase preload

A

volume/ vasoconstriction of venous blood and increases return to RIGHT heart

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8
Q

the pressure the ventricle must generate to open the semilunar valve and eject its contents

A

afterload

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9
Q

Reflects the overall resistance or impedance to systolic ejection into the entire systemic circulation

A

SVR or LV afterload

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10
Q

the greatest resistance to flow lies in the:

A

small arteries and arterioles

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11
Q

Formula for SVR

A

80 x (MAP-RAP)/CO

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12
Q

Reduction of afterload meds

A

Vasodilators:
Nitro, Nicardapene, Hydralazine, Lordalil, Ca Channel blockers,
sodium nitroprusside, Ace inhibitors

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13
Q

Increase afterload med

A

Pressors: Epi, Phenylephrine, Levo, Dopamine, Vasopressin

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14
Q

Normal SVR

A

800-1200 dynes/sec/cm-5

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15
Q

Causes of increased SVR

A

volume infusions, peripheral vasoconstriction, Low CO states, hypothermia, increased blood viscosity, hypovolemia, vasopressors, LV failure, alpha-adrenergic agents

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16
Q

Causes of decreased SVR

A

diuretics, peripheral vasodilation, vasodilators, hyperdynamic phase of sepsis

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17
Q

Pulmonare vascular resistance indicative of

A

RV afterload

18
Q

resistance or impedance to right ventricular ejection into the pulmonary vasculature

A

Pulmonary vascular resistance

19
Q

formular for PVR

A

80 x (MPAP-PAOP)/ CO

20
Q

Normal PVR

A

<250 dynes/se/cm-5

21
Q

Causes of increased PVR

A

hypoxia, pulmonary edema, ARDS, pulmonary emboli, congenital heart defect, pulmonary hypertension , sepsis, valvular heart disease

22
Q

causes of decreased PVR

A

vasodilator therapy- prostaglandins/ correction of hypoxia

23
Q

ability of the heart to modulate its contractile performance independant of preload and afterload

A

contractility

24
Q

Normal range of pulmonary artery pressure

A

15-25/0-8 mmHg

25
Q

Pulmonary artery pressure high readings reasons:

A

primary pulmonary hypertension, valvular heart disease

26
Q

pulmonary

Pulmonary artery pressure low readings reasons:

A

hypovolemia, vasodilator therapy

27
Q

average pressure in the circuit during systole and diastole

A

mean arterial pressure

28
Q

Normal MAP

A

70-105

29
Q

average pressure in the pulmonary circuit during systole and diastole

A

mean pulmonary artery pressure

30
Q

normal mean pulmonary artery pressure

A

10-20mmHg

31
Q

causes of increased MPAP

A

volume infusion, pulmonary vasoconstriction, decreased LV contractility, hypervolemia, hypoxia, COPD, Pulmonary hypertension

32
Q

causes of decreased MPAP

A

diuretics, pulmonary vasodilation, inotropic therapy (milrinone and dobutamine) hypovolemia

33
Q

beta receptors are what type of medication

A

inotrope

34
Q

Beta 1 receptors are found primarily in the

A

heart

35
Q

beta 1 receptors produces increased – and –

A

heart rate and contractility

36
Q

example of beta 1 receptors

A

dobutamine

37
Q

a1 receptors are found primarily in the

A

lungs, peripheral arterioles

38
Q

stimulation of a1 produces

A

constriction of the smooth muscle

39
Q

alpha 2 receptors are found primarily

A

in the brain

40
Q

stimulation of alpha 2 receptors

A

promote bronchodilation and block vasoconstriction

41
Q

Dopaminergic receptors are found in

A

renal, mesenteric, and vascular beds

42
Q

stimulation of dopaminergic receptors produce

A

vasodilation

CCRN (2 decks)

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