Cardiology Flashcards
S3 or S3/S4
CHF
S4 alone
HTN
HFPEF
Continuous murmur
Pulmonary AVM
PDA
Coarctation aorta
Loud S1
Exercise Short PR MS/TS ASD PDA
Soft S1
LBBB
Long PR
Severe MS
MR/AR
Variable S1
AF
AV block
Tamponade
Wide split S1
RBBB
ASD
Ebstein’s
Loud S2
A2 - sev HTN, coarctation, aneurysm
P2 - pHTN, ASD
Soft S2
A2 - sev AS, AR
P2 - PS
Physiologic split S2
During inspiration
Paradoxical split S2
Delayed closure of aortic valve During expiration (not inspiration) 1. LBBB 2. WPW 3. AS 4. HOCM/LVOT
Fixed split S2
Heard EQUALLY in both inspiration and expiration
ASD
Persistent/wide split S2
Heard in inspiration and expiration but LOUDER in inspiration (inc venous return)
RBBB
Rhythm control AF - CHF
EF>40% = amio or sotalol EF<40% = amio
Rhythm control AF - CAD
Amio
Sotalol (need QTc <440, not in renal)
Dronedarone
Rhythm control AF - no CHF or CAD
Sotalol
Dronedarone (not perm AF or CHF, hepatotoxic)
Propafenone (not in CAD, CHF, liver, renal)
Flecainide (not in CAD, CHF, liver, renal)
When to do rhythm control
- Stable, <1 yr onset AF
- Symptomatic/QOL
- Paroxysmal recurrent episodes
- CMO
- Hard to rate control