Cardiology

Question 1

Dressler’s Syndrome = triad of fever, pleuritic pain and pericardial effusion

Answer 1

Post MI syndrome of pericarditis

Question 2

Globular Heart

Answer 2

Dilated Cardiomyopathy or pericardial effusion

Question 3

Globular heart with sharp edges, pear shaped on CXR

Answer 3

Pericardial Effusion

Question 4

Mottled pale heart with haemorrhagic areas

Answer 4

Myocarditis

Question 5

Concentric hypertrophy

Answer 5

Hypertensive heart disease

Question 6

Intra-alveolar haemosiderin laden macrophages

Answer 6

Heart failure

Question 7

Aschoff Body

Answer 7

Rheumatic Heart Disease

Question 8

Granulomatous skip lesions on temporal artery biopsy

Answer 8

Giant cell/Temporal arteritis

Question 9

Transmural fibroid necrosis of medium sized vessels with HbsAg deposits

Answer 9

Polyarteritis nodosa

Question 10

Strawberry tongue

Answer 10

Kawasaki’s Disease- Type IV hypersensitivity – 80% in under 4s

Question 11

Buerger’s disease/Thromboangiitis Obliterans

Answer 11

Chronic ulceration and gangrene in young heavy smokers

Question 12

Endocarditis associated with bowel cancer is commonly caused by…

Answer 12

Streptococcus bovis

Question 13

Marantic endocarditis

Answer 13

Non infective endocarditis caused by hypercoagulable states – particularly pancreatic cancer

Question 14

Libman-Sachs

Answer 14

Endocarditis seen in SLE

Question 15

Type A aortic dissection

Answer 15

Involves the ascending aorta

Question 16

Type B aortic dissection

Answer 16

Aortic dissection that is distal to the aortic arch

Question 17

Cause of >Arm span to height ratio, blue sclera and aortic dissection and regurge

Answer 17

Marfan’s Syndrome

Question 18

Mucoid degeneration of valve leaflets causing ballooning

Answer 18

Leads to mitral valve prolapse

Question 19

Chronic infection causing aortic regurgitation

Answer 19

Syphilis

Question 20

Cardiomyopathy caused by mutation in beta myosin heavy chain

Answer 20

HOCM

Question 21

Broken heart syndrome

Answer 21

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy

Question 22

Causes delta waves and short PR and is the main cause of AVRT

Answer 22

Wolff-Parkinson White Syndrome

Question 23

Causes short PR and AVRT with normal QRS complexes

Answer 23

Lown-Ganong-Levine Syndrome

Question 24

Congenital long QT with deafness

Answer 24

Jervell Lange-Nielson Syndrome

Question 25

Congenital long QT without deafness

Answer 25

Romano-Ward Syndrome

Question 26

Causes neonatal heart block

Answer 26

Anti-Ro

Question 27

Prominent U waves

Answer 27

Hypokalaemia

Question 28

J waves

Answer 28

Hypothermia

Question 29

P mitrale

Answer 29

Bifid P waves on ECG in left atrial hypertrophy

Question 30

P pulmonale

Answer 30

High amplitude P wave on ECG in right atrial hypertrophy

Question 31

Prinzmetal’s Angina

Answer 31

Cause of variant (spasmogenic) angina in young women

Question 32

Drug cause of spasmogenic angina

Answer 32

Cocaine

Question 33

Type III disease

Answer 33

Congenital ApoE defect causing raised Triglycerides and Cholesterol

Question 34

Lev’s Disease

Answer 34

Complete heart block from degenerative fibrosis and calcification of the distal conduction system

Question 35

Lenegre’s Syndrome

Answer 35

Progressive inflammatory disease in the proximal conduction system of young patients causing complete heart block

Question 36

Stokes Adams Attacks

Answer 36

Complete heart block leading to blackouts and dizziness